{"id":3078,"date":"2026-06-16T03:30:41","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T03:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/?p=3078"},"modified":"2026-06-16T03:30:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T03:30:41","slug":"yeni-enerji-lityum-pil-karbonat-uretimi-icin-coklu-kirletici-baca-gazi-aritimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/tr\/basvuru\/yeni-enerji-lityum-pil-karbonat-uretimi-icin-coklu-kirletici-baca-gazi-aritimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Enerji Lityum Pil Karbonat \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in \u00c7oklu Kirletici Baca Gaz\u0131 Safla\u015ft\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Vaka \u0130ncelemesi \u00b7 End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol\u00fc<\/p>\n

\u00d6nde gelen bir lityum karbonat \u00fcreticisinin, t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan 100.000 Nm\u00b3\/h debideki SO\u2082, NOx, PM, tell\u00fcr, flor\u00fcr ve asit sisi i\u00e7in ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon uyumlulu\u011funu nas\u0131l sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131; dolum kulesi y\u0131kama, COA oksidatif denitrifikasyon, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-jips baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme, \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ve manyetik duman azaltmay\u0131 birle\u015ftiren \u00f6nc\u00fc be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 entegre bir ar\u0131tma sistemi kullanarak anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Lityum Pil Karbonat De\u015farj Gaz\u0131<\/span>
\nCOA Oksidatif Denitrifikasyon<\/span>
\nIslak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici<\/span>
\nTell\u00fcr ve Flor\u00fcr Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131<\/span>
\nBeyaz T\u00fcy Azaltma<\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
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84%<\/div>\n
SO\u2082 Giderimi<\/div>\n
Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
60%<\/div>\n
NOx Giderimi<\/div>\n
COA Oksidatif Denitrifikasyon<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
99.5%<\/div>\n
Tell\u00fcr Giderimi<\/div>\n
Dolum Kulesi Kurtarma<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
100,000<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3\/h<\/div>\n
Standart Baca Gaz\u0131 Hacmi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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01 \u2014 Sekt\u00f6r Hakk\u0131nda Bilgiler<\/p>\n

Kritik Bir Pil Malzemesi Olarak Lityum Karbonat ve S\u0131k\u0131la\u015fan Emisyon D\u00fczenleme Ortam\u0131<\/h2>\n

Lityum karbonat, lityum iyon pil katot malzemeleri, cam seramikler ve \u00f6zel kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde temel bir hammaddedir. Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve \u015febeke \u00f6l\u00e7ekli enerji depolama sistemlerinin k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, lityum karbonat \u00fcretim kapasitesinde de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcretim, 2014'te 4,1 ton\/y\u0131ldan 2022'de 39,5 milyon tona y\u00fckselmi\u015f (y\u0131ll\u0131k bile\u015fik b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 1 TP3T) ve y\u0131ll\u0131k 110 milyon tona ula\u015fmas\u0131, ard\u0131ndan da y\u0131ll\u0131k ,11 TP3T b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131yla 51,79 milyon tona \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Lityum karbonat \u00fcretimi, yeni enerji ara\u00e7lar\u0131 tedarik zincirinin merkezinde yer almakta olup, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede yeni enerji, yeni malzemeler ve yeni enerji ara\u00e7lar\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k plan stratejik geli\u015ftirme \u00f6ncelikleri olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki \u00fcretici, yeni enerji lityum malzemeleri ve rubidyum-sezyum teknolojisi Ar-Ge, \u00fcretim ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zengin yerel lityum ve rubidyum bulut mika kaynaklar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda kurulan \u00f6nemli bir entegre i\u015fletme olan \u015firket, geleneksel y\u00fcksek enerji t\u00fcketimi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verim sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alan geli\u015fmi\u015f bulut mika lityum \u00e7\u0131karma teknolojisi geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f teknoloji kaynaklar\u0131na sahip bir ana \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen i\u015fletme, dikey entegre bir tedarik\u00e7i olarak lityum malzeme ve batarya sistemi de\u011fer zincirinde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pil s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lityum karbonat \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci, karbonat \u00f6nc\u00fcllerinin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta sinterlenmesi i\u00e7in t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131, hem y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yanma kimyas\u0131ndan hem de karbonat hammaddelerinden eser miktardaki kirleticilerin buharla\u015fmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan SO\u2082, NOx, ince partik\u00fcller, tell\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri, flor bile\u015fikleri ve azot oksit t\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015fan karma\u015f\u0131k bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ta\u015f\u0131yan 220\u00b0C'de 100.000 Nm\u00b3\/h baca gaz\u0131 \u00fcretir. \u00c7evresel d\u00fczenlemeler, \u00f6zellikle 2024'ten sonra s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, Kirlilik De\u015farj\u0131 \u0130zin Y\u00f6netimi Y\u00f6netmelikleri<\/em> AB ile uyumlu emisyon kontrol politikas\u0131 gere\u011fi, lityum karbonat t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n baca gazlar\u0131n\u0131n ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon standartlar\u0131na uymas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"Manyetik<\/p>\n

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\u201cLityum pil karbonat t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131, benzersiz bir \u00e7oklu kirletici kontrol zorlu\u011fu sunmaktad\u0131r: SO\u2082, NOx, tell\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri, flor\u00fcr ve ince partik\u00fcl maddelerin e\u015f zamanl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek nemli y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 sonras\u0131 egzozdan \u00e7\u0131kan beyaz dumanla birle\u015fti\u011finde, koordineli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan be\u015f farkl\u0131 ar\u0131tma teknolojisi gerektirmektedir. Hi\u00e7bir tek teknoloji bu kirletici kategorilerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 ele alamaz.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014 M\u00fchendislik Teknik \u00d6zeti, Yeni Enerji Lityum Pil End\u00fcstrisi Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131tma Projesi<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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02 \u2014 Kirlilik Profili<\/p>\n

T\u00fcnel F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00c7\u0131kan Gaz: Tell\u00fcr ve Flor\u00fcr de Dahil Olmak \u00dczere Yedi E\u015f Zamanl\u0131 Kirletici Kategorisi Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n

Lityum pil karbonat t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.000 m\u00b3\/saat t\u00fcketim oran\u0131yla do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n, 220\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 100.000 Nm\u00b3\/saat (i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 180.000 Nm\u00b3\/saat) baca gaz\u0131 \u00fcretmektedir. Baca gaz\u0131, ayn\u0131 anda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f kirletici kategorilerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • 100\u2013500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bkonsantrasyonunda SO\u2082<\/strong> (Aral\u0131k, partiden partiye karbonat ham maddesindeki de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131r). Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: 84% giderme verimlili\u011fi ile kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD yoluyla \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Geni\u015f giri\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, FGD sisteminin maksimum 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 senaryosuna g\u00f6re boyutland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n
  • NOx 30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te<\/strong>End\u00fcstriyel kazan veya eritme f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlardaki NOx'in aksine, t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ndaki NOx nispeten orta seviyelerdedir ancak yine de \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r. COA (Klor Dioksit Oksidasyonu veya Katalitik Oksidasyon Absorpsiyonu) denitrifikasyonu, bu konsantrasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 60% giderme verimlili\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Partik\u00fcl madde (PM) 30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/strong>Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Sinterleme i\u015fleminden kaynaklanan ince karbonat ve oksit partik\u00fclleri. Islak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, di\u011fer y\u0131kama a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n PM parlatma etkileriyle birlikte 60% toz giderme sa\u011flar. T\u00fcm sistem genelindeki ger\u00e7ek toz giderme verimlili\u011fi: yakla\u015f\u0131k 69%.<\/li>\n
  • Tell\u00fcr (Te) bile\u015fikleri 0,5\u201310 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te<\/strong>Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u22640,05 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Tell\u00fcr, baz\u0131 lityum karbonat hammaddelerinde eser miktarda safs\u0131zl\u0131k olarak bulunan, stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan kritik \u00f6neme sahip nadir bir elementtir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta sinterleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda buharla\u015f\u0131r ve hem geri kazan\u0131m de\u011feri i\u00e7in yakalanmal\u0131 hem de son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar kontrol edilmelidir. Dolum kulesi (paketleme kulesi) y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131, tell\u00fcr\u00fcn yeniden kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak ,51 TP3T tell\u00fcr giderme verimlili\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Flor\u00fcr (HF) 0,16\u201320 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/strong>Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Geni\u015f giri\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, ham madde flor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011findeki de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi yans\u0131t\u0131r. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ile y\u0131kama, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen kalsiyum flor\u00fcr olu\u015fturarak, asit gaz\u0131 y\u0131kama a\u015famalar\u0131yla birlikte flor\u00fcr giderimine katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/li>\n
  • 23\u201330 mg\/Nm\u00b3'de asit sisi (pus).<\/strong>Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u226415 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Ar\u0131tma a\u015famalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ince asit aerosol damlac\u0131klar\u0131, nihai de\u015farjdan \u00f6nce yakalanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Islak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, ince par\u00e7ac\u0131k parlatman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra asit buhar\u0131 giderme i\u015flemini de sa\u011flar. Asit buhar\u0131 giderme verimlili\u011fi: 70%.<\/li>\n
  • Beyaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr t\u00fcy<\/strong>Ar\u0131tma sonras\u0131 egzoz gaz\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 40\u00b0C'de su buhar\u0131 ve art\u0131k aerosol ile doymu\u015f haldedir. Manyetik Duman Azaltma (MPA) \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc kombinasyonu, t\u00fcm ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez de\u015farj elde etmek i\u00e7in son ar\u0131tmay\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Parametre<\/th>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bKonsantrasyonu<\/th>\n\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (Tasar\u0131m)<\/th>\nAB IED \/ NER S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    NOx<\/td>\n30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED 2010\/75\/EU: 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (yanma)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SO\u2082<\/td>\n100\u2013500 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nHollanda Faaliyetleri Kararnamesi NER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Partik\u00fcl madde (PM)<\/td>\n30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nHollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi NER \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Tell\u00fcr (Te)<\/td>\n0,5\u201310 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22640,05 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED BAT a\u011f\u0131r metaller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Flor\u00fcr (HF)<\/td>\n0,16\u201320 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED 2010\/75\/EU HF BAT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Asit sisi (pus)<\/td>\n23\u201330 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226415 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED BAT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/td>\nSunmak<\/td>\nYok (g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez)<\/td>\nG\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy yok.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nominal (standart) baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n100.000 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Proses baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n180.000 Nm\u00b3\/saat (belirtilen ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131)<\/td>\n220\u00b0C<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

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    03 \u2014 Tedavi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n

    Tell\u00fcr Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131 ve Beyaz Duman Giderme \u00d6zellikli Be\u015f A\u015famal\u0131 Entegre Ar\u0131tma Sistemi<\/h2>\n

    Entegre ar\u0131tma sistemi, yedi kirletici kategorisinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 koordineli be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te ele almak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sistem, her bir kirleticiyi ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ar\u0131tmak yerine, her a\u015faman\u0131n \u00e7apraz yakalama avantajlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r ve reaktif kimyas\u0131n\u0131 koordine ederek bir a\u015faman\u0131n reaksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin bir sonraki a\u015faman\u0131n verimlili\u011fini desteklemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 1: Cebri \u00c7eki\u015f Fan\u0131 Giri\u015finde \u00d6n So\u011futma<\/h3>\n

    Baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 220\u00b0C'den yakla\u015f\u0131k 120\u00b0C'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in, cebri \u00e7eki\u015f fan\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fine so\u011futma suyu katk\u0131 maddesi uygulan\u0131r; bu sayede korozyon \u00f6nleyici malzemelerin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015ftaki ar\u0131tma ekipman\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda nominal s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir ve \u0131slak y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 termal hasardan korunur.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 2: Birinci A\u015fama Dolum Kulesi (Paketleme Kulesi \u2014 Tell\u00fcr ve Flor\u00fcr Giderimi)<\/h3>\n

    Yakla\u015f\u0131k 120\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki gaz, devridaim eden y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131yla temas etti\u011fi birinci kademe dolum kulesine girer. Bu kulede, gazdaki tell\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri ve flor\u00fcr, su ile reaksiyona girerek y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131na emilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr bile\u015fikler olu\u015fturur. Dolum kulesindeki devridaim s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 seviyesi kademeli olarak y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, tell\u00fcr ve flor\u00fcr i\u00e7eren at\u0131k suyun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 transfer pompalar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma\/tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma ayar tank\u0131na aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu birincil tell\u00fcr i\u00e7eren at\u0131k su, ilave edilen kalsiyum flor\u00fcr ile bir reaksiyona girer: kalsiyum flor\u00fcr ilavesi kalsiyum flor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6kelmesine neden olur ve s\u0131v\u0131, kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamak, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr flor\u00fcr\u00fc uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve su geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 filtrasyonla daha fazla i\u015flenir. Bu a\u015faman\u0131n anahtar\u0131, dolum kulesindeki (tell\u00fcr giderme kulesi) devridaim s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda pH kontrol\u00fc, baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve tell\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011fi i\u00e7eri\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sirk\u00fclasyon pompas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak ayarlanmas\u0131 ve tell\u00fcr ilavesi ve destekleyici ilave miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesidir. Dolum kulesi ,5% tell\u00fcr ve % flor\u00fcr giderme verimlili\u011fine ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 3: COA Denitrifikasyon Sistemi<\/h3>\n

    Ar\u0131tma sonras\u0131 gaz, COA (Klor Dioksit Oksidasyonu \/ Katalitik Oksidatif Absorpsiyon) denitrifikasyon sistemine tekrar girer. Bu noktada, baca gaz\u0131 hala oksitlenebilir NOx i\u00e7erir. COA denitrifikasyon mekanizmas\u0131, klor dioksit oksitleyici kullanarak NO'yu (suda az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr) NO\u2082'ye (suda \u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr) oksitler ve bu da daha sonraki \u0131slak ar\u0131tma absorpsiyonunun, geleneksel su veya alkali ar\u0131tman\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir NOx giderimi sa\u011flamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. COA sistemi, 60% denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fine ula\u015farak NOx'i giri\u015fte 30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. COA denitrifikasyonundan sonra gaz, k\u00fck\u00fcrt dioksit giderimi i\u00e7in FGD a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

    4. A\u015fama: Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Kulesi (\u03c64,6 m, 202.000 Nm\u00b3\/h)<\/h3>\n

    COA sonras\u0131 gaz, SO\u2082 giderimi i\u00e7in kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesine girer. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesi, SO\u2082'yi 100\u2013500 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek % k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131r. Temel parametreler: kule i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 \u03c64,6 m; s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 15,5; p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katmanlar\u0131 3; tek pompa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 600 m\u00b3\/sa; bulama\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6kelme s\u00fcresi 5 saat; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fletme t\u00fcketimi 65 kg\/sa (maksimum kullan\u0131m); al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi 131 kg\/sa (maksimum \u00fcretim); al\u00e7\u0131 nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u226415%; birinci kademe sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 2 katmanl\u0131 elek tipi; ikinci kademe sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 1 katmanl\u0131 elek sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 + 1 boru demeti sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 seti; 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip, 10 m\u00b3'l\u00fck ara kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama kapasitesi. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaksiyonundan elde edilen al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc susuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak in\u015faat malzemesi olarak yeniden kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 5: Islak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici (WESP) + Manyetik Duman Azaltma<\/h3>\n

    Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u015fleminden sonra kalan ince partik\u00fcller, asit sisi damlac\u0131klar\u0131 ve doymu\u015f su buhar\u0131 i\u00e7eren gaz, \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcye (BLSD360-64 modeli, kule d\u0131\u015f\u0131 konfig\u00fcrasyon, alttan giri\u015f \/ \u00fcstten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f) girer. WESP, kalan ince aerosol partik\u00fcllerini ve asit sisini iyonize etmek ve toplama elektroduna ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 bir alan (BLEMG-2K jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc, 80 kW ortalama g\u00fc\u00e7, \u226595% ar\u0131tma verimlili\u011fi) uygular. Giri\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kirletici konsantrasyonu: 100 mg\/m\u00b3; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: 5 mg\/m\u00b3. Ekipman boyutlar\u0131: 6.200\u00d77.200 mm plan; y\u00fckseklik 17.900 mm; sistem direnci 350 Pa; tasar\u0131m bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00b15.000 Pa; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <40\u00b0C. BLEMG-2K jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Manyetik Duman Azaltma fonksiyonu, WESP'nin gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 derinlemesine temizlemesinden sonra olu\u015fan beyaz duman\u0131n tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez baca de\u015farj\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    T\u00fcnel
    \nF\u0131r\u0131n
    \n220\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    \u00d6n So\u011futma
    \n\u2192120\u00b0C
    \nIDF Hayran\u0131<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Dolum Kulesi \u2b50
    \nTe + F\u207b Giderimi
    \n99.5% \/ 70%<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    COA \u2b50
    \nDenitrifikasyon
    \n60% NOx<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    FGD \u2b50
    \nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131
    \n84% SO\u2082<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    WESP+MPA \u2b50
    \nPM\/Sis\/T\u00fcy
    \n\u226595%<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Temiz
    \nY\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \u2b50 Bu projede yeni veya geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ekipmanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Lityum<\/p>\n

    \"Yeni<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    04 \u2014 Temel Avantajlar<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcnel F\u0131r\u0131n Karbonat At\u0131k Gaz\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Bu Be\u015f A\u015famal\u0131 Mimari Neden Do\u011fru \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm?<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nTell\u00fcr Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131 ,5% Verimlilikle \u2014 Sadece Bir Yasal Uyumluluk Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc De\u011fil, Bir Gelir Kayna\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Tell\u00fcr, stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan kritik ve ticari olarak de\u011ferli nadir bir elementtir. 0,5\u201310 mg\/Nm\u00b3 giri\u015f konsantrasyonundan ,5% uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma verimlili\u011fi ile dolum kulesi a\u015famas\u0131, kalsiyum flor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 filtrasyondan sonra, pil malzemesi \u00fcretiminde yeniden kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere tell\u00fcr\u00fcn geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flenebilen tell\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geri kazan\u0131r. Tell\u00fcr\u00fc \u22640,05 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e kadar yakalama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ayn\u0131 zamanda ar\u0131tma sisteminin i\u015fletme giderlerini k\u0131smen dengeleyen bir kaynak geri kazan\u0131m f\u0131rsat\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nCOA Denitrifikasyonu, Geleneksel Islak Y\u0131kama Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 NOx Giderimini Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir:<\/strong> Standart alkali \u0131slak y\u0131kama NO\u2082'yi emer ancak NO'yu ememez; bu da t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ndaki NOx'in -951 TP3T'sini olu\u015fturur. COA sistemi, \u0131slak emme a\u015famas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce klor dioksit kullanarak NO'yu NO\u2082'ye oksitler ve bu sayede standart \u0131slak y\u0131kama ile tek ba\u015f\u0131na elde edilemeyen 1 TP3T NOx giderme verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flar. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta gaz \u015fartland\u0131rmas\u0131 gerektirecek ve bu uygulamadaki nispeten orta d\u00fczeydeki NOx konsantrasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli sermaye maliyeti ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden olacak ayr\u0131 bir SCR kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nTell\u00fcr At\u0131k Sular\u0131 i\u00e7in Entegre Reaksiyon-P\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fma-\u00c7\u00f6keltme Y\u00f6ntemi \u2014 Tehlikeli Bile\u015fiklerin S\u0131v\u0131 De\u015farj\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131f\u0131ra \u0130ndirilmesi:<\/strong> Dolum kulesinden gelen tell\u00fcr ve flor\u00fcr i\u00e7eren y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, kapsaml\u0131 birle\u015fik reaksiyon-koag\u00fclasyon-\u00e7\u00f6keltme zincirinden ge\u00e7irilir: flor\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kalsiyum flor\u00fcr ilavesi, koag\u00fclasyon, kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 filtrasyon ve s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn sisteme geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi. Bu, tell\u00fcrle kirlenmi\u015f at\u0131k suyun s\u00fcrekli de\u015farj\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r, su geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar ve tell\u00fcr\u00fcn at\u0131k su sistemine de\u015farj edilmek yerine kat\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nLityum Karbonat Uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Sistemlerinin Avantajlar\u0131:<\/strong> Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 prosesi, yedi \u00f6zel avantaj\u0131 nedeniyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir: (1) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji t\u00fcketimi; (2) al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ikincil kirlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7madan y\u00f6netilebilmesi; (3) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alan kaplama, rasyonel ak\u0131\u015f tasar\u0131m\u0131; (4) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck diren\u00e7 ve enerji verimlili\u011fi i\u00e7in bilgisayar sim\u00fclasyonu optimizasyonu; (5) d\u00fczg\u00fcn emilim i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gaz h\u0131z\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131; (6) kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 hammaddesinin bol, yayg\u0131n kaynakl\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli olmas\u0131; (7) kule i\u00e7lerinde kule duvar\u0131na birikmeyi azaltmak i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 ak\u0131m p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme ve sis giderici tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 kimyas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca karbonat hammaddelerinden gelen flor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle de uyumludur ve flor\u00fcr\u00fc al\u00e7\u0131 at\u0131k suyuna salmak yerine FGD bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen kalsiyum flor\u00fcr olarak yakalar.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nIslak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici, Derinlemesine PM Parlatma ve Asit Buhar\u0131 Giderme \u0130\u015flemini E\u015f Zamanl\u0131 Olarak Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir:<\/strong> BLSD360-64 WESP (model BLEMG-2K), elektrostatik partik\u00fcl yakalama ve manyetik duman giderme i\u015flemlerini tek bir \u00fcnitede birle\u015ftirir. Y\u00fcksek voltajl\u0131 alan, kal\u0131nt\u0131 ince partik\u00fclleri (sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131dan ge\u00e7en FGD a\u015famas\u0131ndaki ince kalsiyum s\u00fclfat kristalitleri dahil) iyonize eder ve bunlar\u0131 toplama elektrotunda yakalar; ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz duman\u0131 olu\u015fturan kal\u0131nt\u0131 asit sisi damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve su aerosol\u00fcn\u00fc de yakalar. \u226595% birle\u015fik ar\u0131tma verimlili\u011fi, 5 mg\/m\u00b3'l\u00fck bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kirletici konsantrasyonu sa\u011flar ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz duman\u0131 tek a\u015famada ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nTek Tu\u015fla Otomatik Yeniden Ba\u015flatma ve Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Geri Bildirim Kontrol\u00fc, Operat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u0130\u015f Y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ve Yan\u0131t Hatas\u0131 Riskini Azalt\u0131r:<\/strong> Sistemdeki her kule ve havuz, kontrol sistemine ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 geri bildirim sa\u011flayan ve su giri\u015f vanalar\u0131n\u0131 ve pompalar\u0131 otomatik olarak kilitleyen s\u0131v\u0131 seviye \u00f6l\u00e7erler ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcre \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlama ve \u00fcre termal ayr\u0131\u015fma geri bildiriminin kontrol sistemine iletilmesi, tek tu\u015fla otomatik yeniden ba\u015flatma i\u015flevini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131larak, y\u00fcksek de\u011fi\u015fken y\u00fck sistemlerinde uyumluluk a\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in en y\u00fcksek risk d\u00f6nemleri olan sistem yeniden ba\u015flatmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda operat\u00f6r hatas\u0131 riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      05 \u2014 Operasyonel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n

      Do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f Uyumluluk Verileri: Yedi Parametrenin Tamam\u0131 AB IED \/ Hollanda NER Limitlerinin Alt\u0131nda<\/h2>\n
      \n
      \n
      \u226480 mg<\/div>\n
      SO\u2082 sat\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 (80 ki\u015fiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131)<\/div>\n
      84%'nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u226480 mg<\/div>\n
      NOx \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (limit 80)<\/div>\n
      60% COA kald\u0131rma<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u226420 mg<\/div>\n
      PM \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (limit 20)<\/div>\n
      69% toz giderme<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u22640,05 mg<\/div>\n
      \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (limit 0,05)<\/div>\n
      99.5% tell\u00fcr geri kazan\u0131m\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \u22646 mg<\/div>\n
      HF \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 (limit 6)<\/div>\n
      70% flor\u00fcr giderme<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      1.047 kW<\/div>\n
      ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/div>\n
      (maks: 1.186 kW)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      Sistemin tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in maksimum kurulu ekipman g\u00fcc\u00fc 1.186,67 kW; fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc ise 1.047,52 kW't\u0131r. 24 saat kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh fiyatla g\u00fcnl\u00fck elektrik maliyeti 9.050,57 RMB'dir; y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinde y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 301.683,76 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feridir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k su maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (2 RMB\/t fiyatla 4,66 t\/saat). Y\u0131ll\u0131k kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 15,36 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (300 RMB\/t fiyatla 64 kg\/saat).<\/p>\n

      \"Yeni<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      06 \u2014 Uygulama Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

      Lityum Karbonat F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Egzoz Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kritik M\u00fchendislik ve Operasyonel Dersler<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nBaca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve SO\u2082 dalgalanmalar\u0131, sistem de\u015farj\u0131ndaki istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; f\u0131r\u0131n ekibi ile ar\u0131tma kontrol odas\u0131 aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n operasyonel ileti\u015fim sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f birincil i\u015fletme riski, baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve SO\u2082 konsantrasyonundaki dalgalanmalard\u0131r. SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonu, karbonat ham madde partisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 100 ila 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir. Gaz bile\u015fimini veya hacmini etkileyen planl\u0131 \u00fcretim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in resmi bir \u00f6n bildirim protokol\u00fc olu\u015fturulmal\u0131 ve uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n i\u015fletme parametrelerindeki herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7in en az 15 dakika \u00f6nceden bildirim, FGD kontrol sisteminin konsantrasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi emiciye girmeden \u00f6nce reaktif dozlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nceden ayarlamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nDolum kulesi (tell\u00fcr giderme kulesi) pH kontrol\u00fc, operasyonel a\u00e7\u0131dan en hassas parametredir:<\/strong> Tell\u00fcr giderme performans\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131, baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve tell\u00fcr bile\u015fik i\u00e7eri\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sirk\u00fclasyon pompas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ayarlanmas\u0131yla e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak, dolum kulesi devridaim s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131ndaki pH kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr. pH, optimum emilim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karsa, tell\u00fcr giderme verimlili\u011fi h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015fer, bu da uyumluluk a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na ve geri kazan\u0131m de\u011ferinde kayba neden olur. Hedef pH aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda alarm ayar noktalar\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli pH izleme uygulay\u0131n ve pH hedef tavan\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik taze su ilavesi kilitlemesi yap\u0131n.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nDolum kulesi (birincil y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131) ve baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesi giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleme sistemi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in kontrol sistemine geri bildirim sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Birinci ve ikinci kademe kule giri\u015flerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k izleme, otomatik geri bildirim \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip kontrol sistemine ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekipman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma parametrelerini ve proses ayar noktalar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak ayarlar; korozyon \u00f6nleyici malzemelerin nominal s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) kimyas\u0131n\u0131n kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi ve kalsiyum s\u00fclfit oksidasyonu i\u00e7in optimum s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \n\u00dcretim s\u00fcrecindeki boru s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ikincil operasyonel risktir; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131, ba\u011flant\u0131 ve contalar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r:<\/strong> Asit gaz\u0131 ve tell\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011finin birle\u015fimi, \u0131slak t\u00fcm boru hatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in agresif bir a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortam olu\u015fturur. T\u00fcm boru ve vana ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle flan\u015f y\u00fczeylerine, genle\u015fme derz k\u00f6r\u00fcklerine ve pompa mekanik contalar\u0131na dikkat ederek, haftal\u0131k g\u00f6rsel inceleme turlar\u0131 uygulay\u0131n. T\u00fcm kritik boru b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in yedek par\u00e7a envanteri bulundurun. \u00dcretim kesintisinin planl\u0131 bak\u0131m penceresinin \u00f6tesine uzamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in acil boru b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimi 4 saat i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nDolum kulesinden \u00e7\u0131kan tell\u00fcr i\u00e7eren at\u0131k su, at\u0131k sudaki tell\u00fcr konsantrasyonu e\u015fik de\u011ferin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fene kadar tehlikeli at\u0131k ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Tell\u00fcr, AB REACH y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi uyar\u0131nca \u00e7evresel e\u015fik de\u011ferlerinin \u00fczerindeki konsantrasyonlarda tehlikeli madde olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Dolum kulesi reaksiyonundan \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k su, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f tell\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri ve kalsiyum flor\u00fcr kat\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve herhangi bir de\u015farj veya yeniden kullan\u0131m yolu onaylanmadan \u00f6nce laboratuvar analizi ile karakterize edilmelidir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 filtrasyondan elde edilen kat\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn (kalsiyum tell\u00fcr\/kalsiyum flor\u00fcr keki) de bertaraf veya yeniden kullan\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde benzer \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nWESP y\u00fcksek gerilim (80 kV) sistemi, s\u0131k\u0131 elektrik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi protokolleri ve personel eri\u015fim kontrolleri gerektirir:<\/strong> Islak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 kV y\u00fcksek gerilimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. WESP b\u00f6lgesine t\u00fcm personel eri\u015fimi, herhangi bir giri\u015ften \u00f6nce y\u00fcksek gerilim g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fiziksel anahtar kilidi ile izole edilmesini i\u00e7eren resmi bir kilitleme\/etiketleme (LOTO) prosed\u00fcr\u00fc ile y\u00f6netilmelidir. Hollanda elektrik tesisat\u0131 y\u00f6netmeliklerine (NEN 3140) g\u00f6re, sertifikal\u0131 bir elektrik test kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi denetimi gereklidir. BLEMG-2K jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn SCADA sistemi, eri\u015fim kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kken y\u00fcksek gerilim enerjilendirmesini \u00f6nleyen do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f bir personel g\u00fcvenlik kilidi i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        07 \u2014 M\u00fchendislikten \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/p>\n

        Lityum Pil Karbonat Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131tma Projesinden \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan D\u00f6rt Ders<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • 1<\/span>
          \nMevzuat uyumlulu\u011fu gereklilikleri ve kaynak geri kazan\u0131m f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 birbirinin alternatifi de\u011fil, birbirini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek \u015fekilde tasarlanabilir.<\/strong> Tell\u00fcr yakalama gereksinimi (\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u22640,05 mg\/Nm\u00b3) ayn\u0131 zamanda at\u0131k gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ,5% tell\u00fcr geri kazan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flar. Geri kazan\u0131lan tell\u00fcr, pil malzemesi \u00fcretiminde do\u011frudan yeniden kullan\u0131m de\u011ferine sahiptir. Uyumluluk gereksinimlerini yaln\u0131zca maliyet y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri olarak ele alan projeler, y\u00f6netmeliklerin zaten yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi ticari olarak de\u011ferli bile\u015fikleri geri kazanma ekonomik f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r. Tell\u00fcr, flor\u00fcr, al\u00e7\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m\u0131, bu projede uyumluluk gereksinimi ve kaynak geri kazan\u0131m f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131n uyumlu oldu\u011fu \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/li>\n
        • 2<\/span>
          \nCOA oksidatif denitrifikasyonu, SCR'nin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 m\u00fchendislik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131 \u0131slak y\u0131kama uygulamalar\u0131nda orta d\u00fczeydeki NOx konsantrasyonlar\u0131 (30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3) i\u00e7in uygun bir teknolojidir.<\/strong> NOx giri\u015f konsantrasyonu 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funda ve ar\u0131tma sistemi zaten \u0131slak y\u0131kama a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finde, COA denitrifikasyonu (60% giderimi, kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131 gerektirmez, y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir) SCR'ye (350\u2013400\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi, kataliz\u00f6r temini ve de\u011fi\u015fimi ve amonyak veya \u00fcre enjeksiyon sistemi gerektirir) g\u00f6re ekonomik ve operasyonel olarak daha uygundur. Teknoloji se\u00e7im karar\u0131, spesifik NOx konsantrasyon seviyesi ve ar\u0131tma sistemi ba\u011flam\u0131na g\u00f6re verilmelidir, spesifikasyon yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir teknolojiye a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil.<\/li>\n
        • 3<\/span>
          \nGeni\u015f kirletici konsantrasyon giri\u015f aral\u0131klar\u0131, sistem boyutland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ortalama de\u011fil, en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryoya g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/strong> 100\u2013500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 giri\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, minimum ve maksimum de\u011ferler aras\u0131nda 5 katl\u0131k bir varyasyonu temsil eder. Ortalama de\u011ferler i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin 300 mg\/Nm\u00b3) boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 84% giderme verimlili\u011fine sahip bir sistem, ortalama ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 48 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f de\u011feri elde ederken, 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck tepe de\u011ferlerinde tam olarak s\u0131n\u0131rda olan 80 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f de\u011feri elde eder; herhangi bir operasyonel kusur ise uyumluluk a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na neden olur. Do\u011fru tasar\u0131m temeli her zaman maksimum giri\u015f konsantrasyonudur; ortalama konsantrasyon d\u00f6nemlerindeki uyumluluk marj\u0131, operasyonel de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 tasarlanm\u0131\u015f tampon g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
        • 4<\/span>
          \nS\u0131f\u0131rdan bir ar\u0131tma sistemi tasarlamak yerine mevcut proses altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, sermaye maliyetini ve kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanacak aksakl\u0131klar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu proje, mevcut tesisin teknoloji \u00e7er\u00e7evesi ve proses altyap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olup, i\u015flevsel altyap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek yerine yeni ar\u0131tma a\u015famalar\u0131 ile mevcut ekipman aras\u0131ndaki entegrasyon noktalar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmektedir. Temel m\u00fchendislik disiplini, mevcut altyap\u0131n\u0131n neler sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini (ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, bas\u0131n\u00e7lar, kimya) do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde karakterize etmek ve mevcut sistemin sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131ml\u0131 ar\u0131tma kapasitesini tasarlamakt\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, tamamen yeni bir ar\u0131tma sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131na k\u0131yasla proje sermaye maliyetini tipik olarak 20-351 bin ton azaltmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          08 \u2014 S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/p>\n

          Lityum Pil Karbonat T\u00fcnel F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: On Soruya Cevap<\/h2>\n

          AB IED \/ Hollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma iyile\u015ftirmeleri planlayan lityum karbonat ve katot aktif malzeme \u00fcretim tesislerindeki \u00e7evre izin y\u00f6neticilerinden, pil malzemesi \u00fcretim m\u00fchendislerinden ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ekiplerinden gelen sorular.<\/p>\n

          \nS1. Bu uygulamada NOx i\u00e7in SCR yerine neden COA denitrifikasyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/summary>\n
          SCR, etkili katalitik reaksiyon i\u00e7in gaz\u0131n 350\u2013400\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Lityum karbonat t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan gaz, i\u015flem a\u015famalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yakla\u015f\u0131k 120\u00b0C'ye \u00f6nceden so\u011futulmu\u015ftur. Gaz\u0131n SCR \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6nemli bir enerji kayb\u0131na ve \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc sermaye maliyetine yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. COA denitrifikasyonu, ortam y\u0131kama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda (30\u201370\u00b0C) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131 gerektirmez ve bu uygulaman\u0131n 30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3 giri\u015f konsantrasyon aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 60% NOx giderimi sa\u011flar; bu da \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Daha y\u00fcksek NOx konsantrasyonlar\u0131nda (200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde), SCR daha iyi giderim verimlili\u011fi sa\u011flayabilir ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi maliyetine ra\u011fmen tercih edilebilir; 30\u201350 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te ise COA daha uygun maliyetli ve operasyonel olarak daha uygun bir se\u00e7enektir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS2. Dolum kulesi y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131nda geri kazan\u0131lan tell\u00fcr\u00fcn ak\u0131beti nedir?<\/summary>\n
          Dolum kulesinden gelen tell\u00fcr i\u00e7eren y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, kalsiyum flor\u00fcr\u00fcn eklendi\u011fi bir yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma\/tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tank\u0131na aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Kalsiyum flor\u00fcr ilavesi, kalsiyum flor\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6kelmesine (\u00e7\u00f6zeltiden flor\u00fcr\u00fcn yakalanmas\u0131na) neden olur ve ayr\u0131ca tell\u00fcr bile\u015fiklerinin p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eder. Elde edilen bulama\u00e7, kat\u0131-s\u0131v\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 filtrasyona tabi tutularak, konsantre tell\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri ve kalsiyum flor\u00fcr kat\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren kat\u0131 bir kek elde edilir. Bu kek, tell\u00fcr geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 ve ar\u0131tma i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in ticari bir girdidir. Berrakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, i\u00e7 su geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, takviye y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 olarak dolum kulesine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Herhangi bir de\u015farj veya yeniden kullan\u0131m yolu onaylanmadan \u00f6nce, s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcdeki tell\u00fcr konsantrasyonunun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ve AB REACH y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7erli \u00e7evresel e\u015fi\u011fin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funun do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS3. AB IED ve Hollanda y\u00f6netmelikleri kapsam\u0131nda lityum karbonat f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131k gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in uyumluluk \u00e7er\u00e7evesi nedir?<\/summary>\n
          Hollanda'daki lityum karbonat \u00fcretim tesisleri, inorganik kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki tesisler olarak AB End\u00fcstriyel Emisyonlar Direktifi (IED 2010\/75\/EU) kapsam\u0131na girmektedir. Uygulanabilir En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler (BAT) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, SO\u2082, NOx, toz, HF ve tell\u00fcr dahil olmak \u00fczere a\u011f\u0131r metaller i\u00e7in emisyon s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri belirlemektedir. Hollanda \u00e7evre izinleri, Faaliyetler Kararnamesi (Activiteitenbesluit milieubeheer) ve Omgevingswet kapsam\u0131nda verilmekte olup, tesise \u00f6zg\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar il d\u00fczeyinde Omgevingsdienst taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmektedir. Tell\u00fcr ve flor\u00fcr, AB REACH y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (EC) 1907\/2006 uyar\u0131nca tehlikeli maddeler olarak \u00f6zel izin ko\u015fullar\u0131na tabidir. Hollanda'da inorganik kimyasal \u00fcretim i\u00e7in verilen izinler kapsam\u0131ndaki S\u00fcrekli \u00c7evre \u0130zleme Sistemi (CEMS) gereklilikleri, SO\u2082, NOx, PM, HF ve O\u2082'nin s\u00fcrekli izlenmesini ve a\u011f\u0131r metaller ile di\u011fer sekt\u00f6re \u00f6zg\u00fc parametreler i\u00e7in periyodik \u00f6rnekleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. T\u00fcm CEMS'lerin EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yetkili makam\u0131n raporlama sistemine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS4. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 esasl\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, 100\u2013500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonunu nas\u0131l y\u00f6netir?<\/summary>\n
          Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) sistemi, hedef 84% giderme verimlili\u011fi ile maksimum SO\u2082 giri\u015f ko\u015fulu (500 mg\/Nm\u00b3) i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu en k\u00f6t\u00fc durum ko\u015fulunda \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f elde eder. Ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonu daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda (100 mg\/Nm\u00b3), sistem \u226416 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f elde eder; bu da daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uyumluluk marj\u0131 sa\u011flar. Hem FGD giri\u015finde hem de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i SO\u2082 analiz\u00f6rleri, konsantrasyonu s\u00fcrekli olarak izleyerek, giri\u015f konsantrasyonu de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulama\u00e7 dozaj oran\u0131n\u0131n dinamik olarak ayarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama kapasitesi 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6zerklik sa\u011flayarak, ge\u00e7ici tedarik kesintilerinin uyumlulu\u011fu etkilememesini garanti eder. Maksimum SO\u2082 y\u00fck\u00fcnde, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcketimi 65 kg\/saat ve al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi 131 kg\/saattir; bu oranlar ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonuyla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS5. Bu entegre ar\u0131tma sistemi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetleri ne kadar b\u00fct\u00e7elenmelidir?<\/summary>\n
          Ana y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyeti kategorileri \u015funlard\u0131r: (1) Elektrik: 1.047,52 kW fiili i\u015fletme g\u00fcc\u00fc, y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.000 saat ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh e\u015fde\u011feri, yakla\u015f\u0131k 301,7 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; (2) Su: 4,66 t\/saat t\u00fcketim, yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; (3) Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131: 64 kg\/saat, 300 RMB\/t, yakla\u015f\u0131k 15,36 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; (4) COA reaktifi (klor dioksit veya e\u015fde\u011feri): belirli COA reaktifi t\u00fcketim oran\u0131 ve mevcut piyasa fiyat\u0131ndan hesaplanacakt\u0131r; (5) Yedek par\u00e7alar: dolum kulesi dolgusu (her 3 y\u0131lda bir), FGD sis giderici nozul muayenesi (y\u0131lda bir), WESP toplama elektrot temizli\u011fi (her 6 ayda bir), pompa mekanik contalar\u0131 (y\u0131lda bir). Tell\u00fcr geri kazan\u0131m sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bu maliyetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar ve al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ek bir kredi sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS6. Ayn\u0131 sistem mimarisi di\u011fer lityum pil malzemesi \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine (LFP katot, NMC katot, vb.) uygulanabilir mi?<\/summary>\n
          Evet, prosese \u00f6zg\u00fc modifikasyonlarla. Lityum demir fosfat (LFP) katot \u00fcretimi, \u00f6nemli miktarda fosfor bile\u015fi\u011fi i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip (fosfat ham maddesinden kaynaklanan) baca gaz\u0131 \u00fcretir; bu da baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) a\u015famas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce fosfat bile\u015fiklerini yakalamak i\u00e7in modifiye edilmi\u015f bir birinci a\u015fama y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 kimyas\u0131 gerektirir. NMC (nikel manganez kobalt) katot \u00fcretimi, nikel ve kobalt a\u011f\u0131r metal i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip baca gaz\u0131 \u00fcretir; bu da a\u011f\u0131r metal yakalama ve geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015f \u0131slak y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 kimyas\u0131 gerektirir. Genel be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 mimari \u2014 \u00f6n so\u011futma, belirli metallerin geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in birinci a\u015fama dolum kulesi y\u0131kama, oksidatif denitrifikasyon, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-jips FGD, duman eliminasyonu ile WESP \u2014 di\u011fer katot malzeme f\u0131r\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131na aktar\u0131labilir, ancak birinci a\u015fama y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 kimyas\u0131, her katot malzeme t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn spesifik iz element profiline g\u00f6re uyarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS7. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) a\u015famas\u0131ndan elde edilen al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, AB \u00e7evre d\u00fczenlemelerine uygun \u015fekilde nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilir?<\/summary>\n
          Saatte 131 kg'a kadar maksimum h\u0131zda \u00fcretilen baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 (kalsiyum s\u00fclfat dihidrat), transferden \u00f6nce nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi 1'in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek susuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Enerji \u00fcretimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden elde edilen baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan \u00fcr\u00fcn veya at\u0131k olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, al\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n AB Yan \u00dcr\u00fcnler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ve ge\u00e7erli kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131n kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n EN 13279-1 (al\u00e7\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar) safl\u0131k gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve e\u015fik seviyelerinin \u00fczerinde konsantrasyonlarda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f kirleticiler (lityum karbonat hammaddesinden ta\u015f\u0131nan flor\u00fcr dahil) i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilebilirse, yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir ve in\u015faat malzemeleri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne sat\u0131labilir. Flor\u00fcr veya di\u011fer kirleticiler e\u015fik seviyesinin \u00fczerinde mevcutsa, al\u00e7\u0131 lisansl\u0131 bir y\u00fcklenici arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k olarak y\u00f6netilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS8. Hollanda y\u00f6netmeliklerine g\u00f6re \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in hangi elektrik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gereksinimleri ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/summary>\n
          WESP, yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 kV y\u00fcksek gerilimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve bu da onu Hollanda NEN 3140 (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gerilimli elektrik tesisatlar\u0131nda veya yak\u0131n\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kurallar\u0131) ve NEN 3840 (y\u00fcksek gerilim) standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek gerilimli elektrik tesisat\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. WESP b\u00f6lgesine eri\u015febilecek t\u00fcm personelin ilgili NEN 3140\/3840 sertifikas\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 ve herhangi bir giri\u015ften \u00f6nce belgelenmi\u015f kilitleme\/etiketleme (LOTO) prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc izlemesi gerekmektedir. Y\u00fcksek gerilim g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131, eri\u015fim kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kken enerji verilmesini \u00f6nleyen fiziksel bir anahtar kilidi ile donat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sertifikal\u0131 bir elektrik test kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131ll\u0131k denetim gereklidir ve y\u00fcksek gerilim bile\u015fenleri \u00fczerindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, sertifikal\u0131 bir y\u00fcksek gerilim elektrik\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan veya onun do\u011frudan g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS9. Sistem, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u015fleminden sonra olu\u015fan doymu\u015f egzoz gaz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir beyaz duman\u0131 nas\u0131l ele al\u0131yor?<\/summary>\n
          Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u015fleminden sonra \u00e7\u0131kan egzoz gaz\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 40\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, su buhar\u0131 ile doymu\u015f halde ve kal\u0131nt\u0131 ince aerosol damlac\u0131klar\u0131 ve asit sisi ta\u015f\u0131yarak baca gaz\u0131 y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu gaz, daha fazla i\u015flem yap\u0131lmadan \u00e7o\u011fu ortam ko\u015fulunda bacada kal\u0131c\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz bir duman olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Entegre BLEMG-2K manyetik jenerat\u00f6rl\u00fc \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc (WESP), beyaz duman\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki mekanizma sa\u011flar: (1) g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz duman olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in yo\u011funla\u015fma \u00e7ekirdekleri g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren ince aerosol par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve asit sisi damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; ve (2) manyetik alan gradyan\u0131 yoluyla doymu\u015f su buhar\u0131 molek\u00fcllerini ve kal\u0131nt\u0131 alt mikron aerosol\u00fc yakalayan manyetik duman azaltma fonksiyonu. Bu kombinasyon, t\u00fcm normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez baca de\u015farj\u0131 sa\u011flar ve WESP \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kirletici konsantrasyonu 5 mg\/m\u00b3't\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS10. Di\u011fer lityum pil malzemesi \u00fcretim tesislerinde yerinde ziyaret edilebilecek referans kurulumlar\u0131 mevcut mu?<\/summary>\n
          Evet. Bu lityum pil karbonat tesisinde kullan\u0131lan entegre baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma teknolojisi, benzer yeni enerji malzemeleri \u00fcretim tesislerinde de uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitelikli potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f CEMS uyumluluk verilerine, tell\u00fcr geri kazan\u0131m dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131na ve operasyonel deneyim kay\u0131tlar\u0131na eri\u015fim de dahil olmak \u00fczere referans saha ziyaretleri d\u00fczenlenebilir. Referans dok\u00fcman\u0131 talep etmek veya benzer bir lityum pil malzemesi f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma tesisinde saha ziyareti d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ileti\u015fim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          Pil \u00dcretim F\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Emisyon Sorununu \u00c7\u00f6zmeye Haz\u0131r M\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

          End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin T\u00fcm Yelpazesini Ke\u015ffedin<\/h2>\n

          Lityum pil karbonat t\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu kirletici baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130la\u00e7 ve kimyasal u\u00e7ucu organik bile\u015fiklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in rejeneratif termal oksidasyon sistemleri<\/a>M\u00fchendislik ekibimiz, en zorlu yeni enerji malzemeleri emisyon kontrol gereksinimleri i\u00e7in AB IED uyumlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Talep Edin \u2192<\/a>
          \n          T\u00fcm Emisyon Kontrol Teknolojilerini Ke\u015ffedin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

          <\/p>\n