{"id":3090,"date":"2026-06-16T08:47:56","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/?p=3090"},"modified":"2026-06-16T08:47:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:47:56","slug":"celik-endustrisi-doner-firin-baca-gazi-yikama-kulesi-kirectasi-alci-baca-gazi-kukurt-giderme-unitesi-islak-elektrostatik-cokturucu-ve-beyaz-dumanin-ortadan-kaldirilmasi-icin-mggh-isi-geri-kazanimi-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/tr\/basvuru\/celik-endustrisi-doner-firin-baca-gazi-yikama-kulesi-kirectasi-alci-baca-gazi-kukurt-giderme-unitesi-islak-elektrostatik-cokturucu-ve-beyaz-dumanin-ortadan-kaldirilmasi-icin-mggh-isi-geri-kazanimi-i\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7elik End\u00fcstrisi D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Baca Gazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Emisyon Uyumlulu\u011fu: Y\u0131kama Kulesi, Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Sistemi, Islak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici ve MGGH Is\u0131 Geri Kazan\u0131m\u0131 ile Beyaz Duman\u0131n Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/p>\n
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Vaka \u0130ncelemesi \u00b7 End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol\u00fc<\/p>\n

\u00d6nde gelen bir \u00e7elik \u00fcreticisi, 90.000 Nm\u00b3\/h'lik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131ndan kaynaklanan beyaz duman\u0131n tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, enerji verimli duman bast\u0131rma i\u00e7in MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6rl\u00fc entegre be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi ve uyarlanabilir kirlilik kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131 izleme kullanarak, ,7% k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fi, 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda partik\u00fcl madde ve 99.000 Nm\u00b3\/h'lik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131ndan kaynaklanan beyaz duman\u0131n tamamen yok edilmesini nas\u0131l ba\u015fard\u0131?<\/p>\n

\u00c7elik D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n At\u0131k Gaz\u0131<\/span>
\nMGGH Is\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi<\/span>
\nIslak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici<\/span>
\nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi<\/span>
\nBeyaz T\u00fcylerin Giderilmesi<\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
99.7%<\/div>\n
Ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 Giderimi<\/div>\n
\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
90%<\/div>\n
Ger\u00e7ek Toz Giderme<\/div>\n
PM \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131: 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
90,213<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3\/h<\/div>\n
Proses Baca Gaz\u0131 Hacmi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
S\u0131f\u0131r<\/div>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr Beyaz T\u00fcy<\/div>\n
MGGH + Islak ESP<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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01 \u2014 Sekt\u00f6r Hakk\u0131nda Bilgiler<\/p>\n

\u00c7elik \u00dcretimi, Elektrik Ark F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Tozu ve Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Emisyonlu D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/h2>\n

\u00c7elik \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde, yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve partik\u00fcl maddeler birden fazla \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda olu\u015fur; \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki metalurjik reaksiyonlar\u0131n ince metal oksit tozunun sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu sinterleme, ergitme ve elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131nda bu durum belirgindir. \u00d6zellikle elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (EAF) tozu, \u00fcretilen her ton \u00e7elik i\u00e7in 12-20 kg toz olu\u015fturur ve \u00e7inko oksit i\u00e7eri\u011fi genellikle 40%'yi a\u015far. Enerji \u00fcretimi, a\u011f\u0131r vas\u0131ta ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gemi i\u015fletmelerinden kaynaklanan tozlarla birle\u015fti\u011finde, \u00e7elik fabrikas\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131, end\u00fcstriyel k\u00fcmelenmelerin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki topluluklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen \u00f6nemli \u00e7evresel kirlilik sorunlar\u0131 yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, EAF tozunun etkin y\u00f6netimi yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evresel uyumluluk y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kaynak geri kazan\u0131m f\u0131rsat\u0131d\u0131r: toz, uygun geri kazan\u0131m zincirinden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde ticari de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6nemli konsantrasyonlarda \u00e7inko, kur\u015fun ve di\u011fer metaller i\u00e7erir. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n prosesi, EAF tozunu i\u015flemek ve tozdan \u00e7inko ve demiri geri kazanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca end\u00fcstriyel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli teknolojidir; bu i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan f\u0131r\u0131n gaz\u0131 ise kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7oklu kirletici ar\u0131tma gerektirir.<\/p>\n

Bu proje kapsam\u0131ndaki tesis, elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (EAF) tozu i\u015fleme i\u00e7in d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n i\u015fletmekte olup, 150\u2013160\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta saatte 56.890 Nm\u00b3 standart baca gaz\u0131 (i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda saatte 90.213 Nm\u00b3) \u00fcretmektedir. Tesis, tam kapsaml\u0131 ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 baca izleme, erken uyar\u0131 ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 koordineli y\u00f6netim sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla hava mikro istasyonlar\u0131 ve toplam as\u0131l\u0131 partik\u00fcl konsantrasyonu izleme cihazlar\u0131 kurarak entegre bir ak\u0131ll\u0131 \u00e7evre kontrol ve y\u00f6netim platformu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00f6nlemler, tesisin \u00e7evre y\u00f6netim standard\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckselterek ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon uyumlulu\u011funu sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Projenin hedefledi\u011fi alan \u015fudur: \u00c7elik Sanayi Hava Kirleticileri i\u00e7in Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Emisyon Standartlar\u0131<\/em> AB IED En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler (BAT) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, demir ve \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in SO\u2082 \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3, partik\u00fcl madde \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3, CO \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3, HCl \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ve HF \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3 de\u011ferleri gerekmektedir. Proje bu hedefleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015farak, ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm limitlerin \u00e7ok alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c7elik<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n

\u201cD\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nl\u0131 elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (EAF) toz i\u015fleme baca gaz\u0131, 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck SO\u2082 seviyesinin 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi (99,3% azaltma gereksinimi) ve ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek toz y\u00fck\u00fc, CO, HCl, HF ve y\u00fcksek nemli y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 sonras\u0131 egzozdan kaynaklanan kal\u0131c\u0131 beyaz duman\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt edicidir. MGGH \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, geleneksel gaz yeniden \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n enerji maliyetinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rken, tesisin kendi at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 duman bast\u0131rma i\u00e7in enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014 M\u00fchendislik Teknik \u00d6zeti, \u00c7elik Sanayi Toz Giderme ve K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Projesi<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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02 \u2014 Kirlilik Profili<\/p>\n

D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Elektrik Arkl\u0131 F\u0131r\u0131n Toz \u0130\u015fleme At\u0131k Gazlar\u0131: Y\u00fcksek SO\u2082, Y\u00fcksek Toz, CO, HCl, HF ve Beyaz Duman<\/h2>\n

D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.500 m\u00b3\/saat). F\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki proses ko\u015fullar\u0131, 150\u2013160\u00b0C'de 90.213 Nm\u00b3\/saat at\u0131k gaz \u00fcretmektedir. Standart referans ko\u015fulunda (15% O\u2082, kuru bazda) bu, 56.890 Nm\u00b3\/saate kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. At\u0131k gaz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki e\u015f zamanl\u0131 kirletici kategorilerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme giri\u015finde SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr.<\/strong>: Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 toz besleme malzemesindeki k\u00fck\u00fcrt bile\u015fiklerinden ve yanma gazlar\u0131ndan \u00fcretilir. Y\u0131kama kulesi \u00f6n i\u015fleminden sonra, SO\u2082 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3 konsantrasyonunda baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) emici \u00fcnitesine girer. Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasarlanm\u0131\u015f) \/ elde edilen ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer: 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3. K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fi: ,3% tasar\u0131m \/ ,7% ger\u00e7ek.<\/li>\n
  • Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 olan partik\u00fcl madde (PM)<\/strong>Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 toz beslemesinden ve d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n yanma b\u00f6lgesinden gelen ince metal oksit ve karbon partik\u00fclleri. Y\u0131kama kulesi \u00f6n i\u015fleminden sonra, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) emici giri\u015findeki PM miktar\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r. Kalan ince partik\u00fcller, \u226595% verimlilikle \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yakalan\u0131r. Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasarlanm\u0131\u015f) \/ ger\u00e7ek: 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Genel sistem toz giderme: 75% tasar\u0131m \/ 90% ger\u00e7ek.<\/li>\n
  • CO ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 4.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr.<\/strong>D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nda eksik yanmadan kaynaklanan CO2 mevcuttur. \u00d6nemli CO2 konsantrasyonu, sistem kapal\u0131 ar\u0131tma b\u00f6lgelerine ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce CO2 izleme ve sistem g\u00fcvenlik kilitlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeterli seyreltme havas\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/li>\n
  • Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta HCl konsantrasyonu 15 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ve HF konsantrasyonu 50 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr.<\/strong>Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 toz beslemesindeki klor\u00fcr ve flor\u00fcr bile\u015fiklerinden kaynaklanan asit gazlar\u0131. Y\u0131kama kulesi ar\u0131tma ve baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 emme a\u015famalar\u0131nda yakalan\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: HCl \u22642 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek (tasar\u0131m limiti 5), HF \u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek (tasar\u0131m limiti 20).<\/li>\n
  • 30 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NaCl'de a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler<\/strong>Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 tozu i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinden kaynaklanan alkali metal klor\u00fcr, \u0131slak t\u00fcm i\u015fleme ekipmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir ortam olu\u015fturur. Malzeme \u00f6zelliklerinde bu birle\u015fik asit gaz\u0131 ve alkali tuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/strong>Baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma \u00fcnitesinden \u00e7\u0131kan yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\u00b0C'lik (FGD \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) egzoz gaz\u0131, su buhar\u0131 ile doymu\u015f haldedir. Aktif duman bast\u0131rma sistemi olmadan, \u00e7o\u011fu ortam ko\u015fulunda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz bir duman olu\u015fur. MGGH (Sis \u00dcretimi ve Gaz Is\u0131tma, yani Gaz-Gaz Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc) sistemi, FGD sonras\u0131 temiz gaz\u0131 90\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in s\u0131cak ham f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r; bu sayede baca \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 atmosferik \u00e7i\u011f noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar ve harici enerji giri\u015fi olmadan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr duman olu\u015fumunu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Parametre<\/th>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200b\/ Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Giri\u015fi<\/th>\nTasar\u0131m Ma\u011fazas\u0131<\/th>\nGer\u00e7ek \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/th>\nAB IED S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    SO\u2082<\/td>\n2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n10 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n20 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Partik\u00fcl madde (PM)<\/td>\n100 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n3 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n5 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CO<\/td>\n4.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n100 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    HCl<\/td>\n15 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n2 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n5 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    HF<\/td>\n50 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n6 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n20 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/td>\nSunmak<\/td>\nYok (g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez)<\/td>\nHi\u00e7biri \u2014 onayland\u0131<\/td>\nG\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy yok.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Proses baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n90.213 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Standart baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n56.890 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131)<\/td>\n150\u2013160\u00b0C<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler (NaCl)<\/td>\n30 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    03 \u2014 Tedavi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n

    Be\u015f A\u015famal\u0131 Ar\u0131tma Sistemi: MGGH \u00d6n So\u011futma, Y\u0131kama Kulesi, Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme (FGD), Islak Elektrostatik Filtre (ESP) ve MGGH Yeniden Is\u0131tma<\/h2>\n

    Ar\u0131tma sistemi, MGGH (Gaz-Gaz Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc) sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hem \u00f6n so\u011futma (y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131dan \u00f6nce) hem de yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma (y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131dan sonra) i\u00e7in tesisin kendi s\u0131cak f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131n\u0131 enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131, ar\u0131tma zincirinin termal y\u00f6netimi ve beyaz duman\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harici bir gaz yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma enerjisi girdisine gerek kalmadan geri kazan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu enerji \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fi, MGGH yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 buhar veya elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar kullanan geleneksel gaz yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 1: MGGH \u00d6n So\u011futma Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (160\u00b0C \u2192 115\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n

    160\u00b0C'deki s\u0131cak ham f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131, MGGH \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne girer (baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 52.320 m\u00b3\/h; \u0131s\u0131 transfer alan\u0131 400 m\u00b2; s\u0131cak taraf giri\u015fi 160\u00b0C; s\u0131cak taraf \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 115\u00b0C; s\u0131cak su giri\u015fi 89\u00b0C; s\u0131cak su \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 109\u00b0C; cihaz boyutlar\u0131 3.000\u00d72.120\u00d73.524 mm). Bu \u00f6n so\u011futma ad\u0131m\u0131 iki amaca hizmet eder: gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f y\u0131kama kulesi ve FGD y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndaki korozyon \u00f6nleyici malzemelerle uyumlu bir seviyeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve daha sonra beyaz duman\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in FGD sonras\u0131 temiz gaz\u0131 yeniden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan termal enerjiyi s\u0131cak su devresine geri kazand\u0131r\u0131r. MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6rleri, korozyon, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve \u00e7amur birikimi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in uygun paslanmaz \u00e7elik kalitelerinden imal edilmelidir; Do\u011fru paslanmaz \u00e7elik malzeme kalitesini se\u00e7mek, uygun gaz h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ayarlamak ve birikme oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in kanal geometrisini optimize etmek, MGGH'nin uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in kilit tasar\u0131m disiplinleridir.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 2: Y\u0131kama Kulesi (HCl \u00d6n Temizleme ve PM \u00d6n Giderme)<\/h3>\n

    \u00d6nceden so\u011futulmu\u015f gaz, y\u0131kama kulesine girer (proses baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 80.841 m\u00b3\/h; giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 115\u00b0C; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 65\u00b0C; gaz h\u0131z\u0131 2,4 m\/s; kule i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 \u03c63,5 m; 2 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131; tek pompa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 80 m\u00b3\/h; kule y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 23 m). Y\u0131kama kulesi, baca gaz\u0131ndan HCl asit gazlar\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00fc\u00e7 katmanl\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozullar\u0131na sahiptir. Y\u0131kamadan sonra, gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer ve FGD i\u015flemi i\u00e7in k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemine ge\u00e7er. Kule, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 FGD bulamac\u0131n\u0131 klor\u00fcr kontaminasyonundan korumak i\u00e7in HCl'yi \u00f6nceden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; aksi takdirde bulamac\u0131n SO\u2082 emme kimyas\u0131n\u0131 ve al\u00e7\u0131 kristalle\u015fme kalitesini bozabilir. Y\u0131kama kulesinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n anahtar\u0131, dola\u015f\u0131mdaki suyun do\u011fru \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r: pH'\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak izlemek ve HCl emme verimlili\u011fini azaltacak seviyelere y\u00fckselmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in dola\u015f\u0131mdaki s\u0131v\u0131da klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonunu kontrol etmek.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 3: Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Emici Kulesi (\u03c62,8 m, 70.500 Nm\u00b3\/h)<\/h3>\n

    Y\u0131kama kulesinden sonra gaz, SO\u2082 giderimi i\u00e7in kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD emici \u00fcnitesine girer. Temel parametreler: FGD giri\u015finde baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 70.500 m\u00b3\/h; baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 65\u00b0C; SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonu 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3; SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konsantrasyonu 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m) \/ 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek); kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt molar oran\u0131 1,05; gaz h\u0131z\u0131 <3,2 m\/s; kule i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 \u03c62,8 m; s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 22,8; 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131; tek pompa debisi 325 m\u00b3\/h; bulama\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6kelme s\u00fcresi 3,5 saat; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fletme t\u00fcketimi 275 kg\/h; al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi 395 kg\/h; al\u00e7\u0131 nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi 12\u201315%; Sis gidericiler: 2 katmanl\u0131 elek tipi (birinci a\u015fama) + 1 t\u00fcp tipi (ikinci a\u015fama); kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama kapasitesi 30 m\u00b3 (4,5 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi). Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 prosesi, ,3% tasar\u0131m SO\u2082 giderme verimlili\u011fine (ger\u00e7ekte ,7%) ula\u015f\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bulama\u00e7ta kalsiyum flor\u00fcr olu\u015fumu yoluyla gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki art\u0131k HF'nin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yakalar.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 4: Islak Elektrostatik \u00c7\u00f6keltici (WESP, 70.500 Nm\u00b3\/h)<\/h3>\n

    Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u015fleminden sonra, derinlemesine partik\u00fcl madde (PM) ar\u0131tma ve asit buhar\u0131 yakalama i\u00e7in WESP'ye girer. Temel parametreler: baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 70.500 m\u00b3\/sa; baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 65\u00b0C; tasar\u0131m y\u0131kama h\u0131z\u0131 1,4 m\/s; anot t\u00fcp\u00fc etkili toplama alan\u0131 14,16 m\u00b2; toplama alan\u0131 943,5 m\u00b2; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f PM konsantrasyonu \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3; g\u00f6vde direnci 300 Pa; anot t\u00fcp\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri \u03c6360\u00d76.000 mm; anot t\u00fcp\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 128; katot tel say\u0131s\u0131 2.205; enerjilendirme tipi y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7; elektriksel parametreler 72 kV \/ 800 mA; \u00f6zg\u00fcl toplama alan\u0131 37 m\u00b2\/(m\u00b3\u00b7s). WESP, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en art\u0131k ince partik\u00fcllerin ve asit sisinin \u226595% oran\u0131nda ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, tasar\u0131m hedefi olan 5 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f PM de\u011feri sunar.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 5: MGGH Yeniden Is\u0131tma Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (50\u00b0C \u2192 90\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n

    Yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\u00b0C'deki temiz WESP sonras\u0131 gaz, MGGH yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 53.366 m\u00b3\/h; \u0131s\u0131 transfer alan\u0131 812 m\u00b2; cihaz bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 370 Pa; baca gaz\u0131 giri\u015fi 50\u00b0C; baca gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 90\u00b0C; s\u0131cak su giri\u015fi 108\u00b0C; s\u0131cak su \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 90\u00b0C; cihaz boyutlar\u0131 3.000\u00d72.120\u00d74.004 mm) taraf\u0131ndan 90\u00b0C'ye yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Baca \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, t\u00fcm normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda atmosferik \u00e7i\u011f noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan 90\u00b0C'ye y\u00fckseltilmesiyle, herhangi bir d\u0131\u015f enerji giri\u015fi olmadan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz duman ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Temiz gaz\u0131 yeniden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan s\u0131cak su, yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f MGGH \u00f6n so\u011futma a\u015famas\u0131nda ham gaz taraf\u0131ndan \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan ayn\u0131 s\u0131cak sudur ve tamamen kendi kendine yeten bir \u0131s\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    D\u00f6ner
    \nF\u0131r\u0131n
    \n160\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    MGGH \u2b50
    \n\u00d6n So\u011futma
    \n160\u2192115\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Y\u0131kama \u2b50
    \nKule
    \nHCl\/PM<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    FGD \u2b50
    \nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131
    \n99.3% SO\u2082<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Islak ESP \u2b50
    \nPM+Sis
    \n\u226595%<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    MGGH \u2b50
    \nTekrar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131n
    \n50\u219290\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    IDF Hayran\u0131
    \n\u2192 Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n
    \nT\u00fcy Yok<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \u2b50 Bu projede yeni veya geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ekipmanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"\u00c7elik<\/p>\n

    \"\u00c7elik
    \n\"\u00c7elik<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    04 \u2014 Temel Avantajlar<\/p>\n

    MGGH + Islak Elektrostatik Filtreleme Sistemi, \u00c7elik D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n Egzoz Gaz\u0131 Tahliyesi \u0130\u00e7in Neden En Uygun Mimari?<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nMGGH Enerji Kendi Kendine Yeterlili\u011fi: D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan Enerji Giri\u015fi Olmadan Beyaz Duman\u0131n Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> MGGH yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n beyaz duman\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmadaki en \u00f6nemli avantaj\u0131, tesisin kendi at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6n so\u011futma a\u015famas\u0131nda s\u0131cak ham f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131ndan elde edilen) baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sonras\u0131 gaz\u0131n yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6n so\u011futma MGGH'sinde 89\u00b0C'den 109\u00b0C'ye \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan s\u0131cak su, yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma MGGH'sinde baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sonras\u0131 gaz\u0131 50\u00b0C'den 90\u00b0C'ye y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayn\u0131 termal enerjiyi ta\u015f\u0131r. Gaz\u0131n yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in buhar, elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar veya do\u011fal gaz br\u00fcl\u00f6rleri gerekmez. S\u0131cak ham gaz kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan do\u011frudan gazdan gaza \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimine k\u0131yasla, s\u0131cak su ara maddesi, temiz ve ham gaz ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7apraz kontaminasyon risklerini \u00f6nler ve su devresi ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi yoluyla daha iyi termal kontrol sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \n99.7% Ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 Giderimi 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e \u2014 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7ok Alt\u0131nda:<\/strong> Do\u011frulanan ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 giderme verimlili\u011fi 99,7% (\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3, tasar\u0131m hedefi 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ve limit 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e k\u0131yasla), ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck limitin 50% alt\u0131nda bir uyumluluk marj\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu sa\u011flam performans, y\u0131kama kulesi \u00f6n ar\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n (aksi takdirde kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 emme kapasitesi i\u00e7in SO\u2082 ile rekabet edecek olan HCl'yi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r) ve optimize edilmi\u015f FGD kulesi tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131, L\/G oran\u0131 22,8, kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 1,05, 325 m\u00b3\/h tek pompa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131) birle\u015fiminden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131kama kulesinin HCl \u00f6n gidermesi, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 giri\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 FGD performans\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nY\u0131kama Kulesinde HCl \u00d6n Ar\u0131tma \u0130\u015flemi, Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi Kimyas\u0131n\u0131 ve Al\u00e7\u0131 Kalitesini Korur:<\/strong> Y\u0131kama kulesi iki amaca hizmet eder: FGD emici \u00fcnitesine girmeden \u00f6nce gazdan \u00f6nemli bir miktarda HCl'yi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve FGD emici \u00fcnitesinin i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bulama\u00e7 kimyas\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 115\u00b0C'den 65\u00b0C'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. HCl'nin \u00f6nceden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, aksi takdirde al\u00e7\u0131 kristalle\u015fme kalitesini bozacak (klor\u00fcrle kirlenmi\u015f al\u00e7\u0131, in\u015faat malzemesi olarak yeniden kullan\u0131lamaz) ve kire\u00e7 emme kapasitesiyle rekabet ederek SO\u2082 emme verimlili\u011fini azaltacak olan FGD bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde klor\u00fcr birikmesini \u00f6nler. Hem HCl hem de y\u00fcksek SO\u2082'nin ayn\u0131 anda bulundu\u011fu \u00e7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131nda, iki a\u015famal\u0131 y\u0131kama kulesi + FGD mimarisi, tek a\u015famal\u0131 hepsi bir arada y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6re daha \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nAk\u0131ll\u0131 \u0130zleme Platformu, De\u011fi\u015fken F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Uyarlanabilir Kontrol Sa\u011flar:<\/strong> Tesisin entegre \u00e7evre kontrol ve y\u00f6netim ak\u0131ll\u0131 platformu, hava mikro istasyonlar\u0131 ve toplam as\u0131l\u0131 partik\u00fcl madde izleme sistemi ile baca ve \u00e7evre izleme konusunda tam kapsaml\u0131 ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 bilgi sa\u011flar. Bu ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 veriler, SO\u2082, PM ve s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki tespit edilen dalgalanmalara yan\u0131t olarak kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulama\u00e7 dozaj oranlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u0131kama kulesi sirk\u00fclasyon pompas\u0131 h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 ve WESP enerji seviyelerini ayarlayan uyarlanabilir bir kontrol algoritmas\u0131na do\u011frudan aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 platform, tesisin \u00e7evre y\u00f6netim kapasitesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r ve tasarlanan seviyelere k\u0131yasla pratikte elde edilen tutarl\u0131 ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck performans\u0131n temel bir unsurudur.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nBaca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimiyle Elde Edilen Al\u00e7\u0131 Yan \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fc, D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel Ekonomiyi ve S\u0131f\u0131r \u0130kincil Kat\u0131 At\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcn K\u0131l\u0131yor:<\/strong> Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) a\u015famas\u0131, -151 T\/3 nem i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip, saatte (maksimum) 395 kg al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretir. Bu al\u00e7\u0131, klor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011fi EN 13279-1 e\u015fik seviyelerinin alt\u0131nda onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f y\u0131kama kulesindeki HCl \u00f6n giderme i\u015flemiyle korunarak), in\u015faat malzemesi yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 (duvar paneli altl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7imento katk\u0131 maddesi) i\u00e7in kalite \u015fartnamesini kar\u015f\u0131lar. Al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, kalsiyum s\u00fclfat\u0131n at\u0131k olarak i\u015flenmesinden kaynaklanacak kat\u0131 at\u0131k bertaraf maliyetini ve \u00e7evresel sorumlulu\u011fu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve tesisin \"ye\u015fil, temiz, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu\" geli\u015ftirme hedeflerine katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nMod\u00fcler tasar\u0131m, ana sistemin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine gerek kalmadan gelecekteki standart s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerine uyum sa\u011flar:<\/strong> Be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 MGGH + y\u0131kama kulesi + FGD + WESP + MGGH mod\u00fcler mimarisi, t\u00fcm ar\u0131tma sistemini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden tek tek a\u015fama y\u00fckseltmelerine olanak tan\u0131r. Gelecekteki AB IED BAT sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 SO\u2082 limitlerini 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrse, FGD a\u015famas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak y\u00fckseltilebilir (ek p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131, art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f L\/G oran\u0131, ikinci a\u015fama emici). Benzer \u015fekilde, PM limitleri 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferse, di\u011fer ar\u0131tma a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 bozmadan WESP enerjisi art\u0131r\u0131labilir veya ikinci bir WESP a\u015famas\u0131 eklenebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      05 \u2014 Operasyonel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n

      Ger\u00e7ek Performans: Alt\u0131 Parametrenin Tamam\u0131 AB Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Limitlerinin \u00d6nemli \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcde Alt\u0131nda<\/h2>\n
      \n
      \n
      10 \/ 20<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      SO\u2082 \u2014 50% limitin alt\u0131nda<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      3 \/ 5<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      PM \u2014 40% limitin alt\u0131nda<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      2 \/ 5<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      HCl \u2014 60% limitin alt\u0131nda<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      6 \/ 20<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      HF \u2014 70% limitin alt\u0131nda<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      691 kW<\/div>\n
      ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/div>\n
      (Maksimum kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7: 850 kW)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      S\u0131f\u0131r<\/div>\n
      g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/div>\n
      Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      Maksimum kurulu ekipman g\u00fcc\u00fc: 850,05 kW; fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc: 691 kW. 24 saat kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh e\u015fde\u011ferinde, g\u00fcnl\u00fck elektrik maliyeti 5.970,24 RMB e\u015fde\u011feridir; y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinde y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 199.008 RMB e\u015fde\u011feridir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k su maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (2 RMB\/t'den 3 t\/saat). Y\u0131ll\u0131k kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (250 RMB\/t'den 275 kg\/saat).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      06 \u2014 Uygulama Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

      \u00c7elik D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kritik M\u00fchendislik ve Operasyonel Dersler<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nBaca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve SO\u2082 dalgalanmalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015fletme riskidir; uyarlanabilir kontrol ve f\u0131r\u0131n-ar\u0131tma \u00fcnitesi ileti\u015fimi \u015fartt\u0131r:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131ca risk, baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve SO\u2082 konsantrasyonundaki dalgalanmalar\u0131n sistem de\u015farj\u0131nda \u200b\u200bistikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 tozu i\u015fleyen \u00e7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlarda, toz beslemesinin \u00e7inko ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eri\u011fi partiler aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve bu da f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Toz besleme bile\u015fiminde veya f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayar noktalar\u0131nda planlanan herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nce, f\u0131r\u0131n i\u015fletme ekibinden ar\u0131tma sistemi kontrol odas\u0131na \u00f6nceden bildirimde bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak resmi bir protokol uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu sayede konsantrasyon de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme emici \u00fcnitesine girmeden \u00f6nce kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 dozaj oranlar\u0131n\u0131n proaktif olarak ayarlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nYukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki toz \u00f6n ar\u0131tma ekipman\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131, MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kirlenmesine ve t\u0131kanmas\u0131na kolayca neden olur; MGGH giri\u015fine \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir PM monit\u00f6r\u00fc tak\u0131n:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f ikinci risk, yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f gaz tozu \u00f6n ar\u0131tma ekipman\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131n\u0131n, MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne giren toz y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131na ve \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc ge\u00e7itlerinde kademeli kirlenmeye ve t\u0131kanmaya yol a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. MGGH giri\u015fine (MGGH \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme konumunda) kirlenme oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli hale geldi\u011fi seviyenin alt\u0131nda bir alarm e\u015fi\u011fi ayarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir PM konsantrasyon monit\u00f6r\u00fc tak\u0131n. Alarm tetiklendi\u011finde, MGGH kurum \u00fcfleme temizleme sistemini ba\u015flat\u0131n ve artan y\u00fck\u00fcn nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f toz \u00f6n ar\u0131tma sistemini inceleyin. Ayr\u0131ca, MGGH kurum \u00fcfleme sistemini yaln\u0131zca alarmlara iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 yan\u0131t olarak de\u011fil, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda periyodik otomatik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in de yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131n.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \n\u00dcretim proses borular\u0131ndaki s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar at\u0131k su ta\u015fmalar\u0131na neden olur; bu nedenle haftal\u0131k boru kontrolleri zorunludur:<\/strong> A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gaz ortam\u0131 ve geni\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131slak t\u00fcm borularda \u00f6nemli mekanik gerilime neden olur. Belgelenmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc risk ise \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda boru s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131k su ta\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm boru ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, vana rakorlar\u0131n\u0131, pompa s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeylerini, genle\u015fme derz k\u00f6r\u00fcklerini ve kondensat tahliye ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan haftal\u0131k bir g\u00f6rsel inceleme program\u0131 uygulay\u0131n. T\u00fcm standart boru b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7in yedek par\u00e7a envanteri bulundurun. Tespit edilen herhangi bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7in acil m\u00fcdahale prosed\u00fcr\u00fc, etkilenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn derhal izole edilmesini ve yeniden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f ekipman\u0131n\u0131n kirlenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesini i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nY\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gazdan kaynaklanan ekipman ve boru korozyonu yap\u0131sal dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r; her b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7in do\u011fru paslanmaz \u00e7elik kalitesini belirtin:<\/strong> D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc belgelenmi\u015f risk, y\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip gaz ve kanal ortam\u0131n\u0131n ekipman\u0131n yap\u0131sal dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kademeli olarak azaltmas\u0131d\u0131r. HCl, SO\u2082, HF, NaCl alkali tuzlar\u0131 ve yo\u011fu\u015fman\u0131n asit \u00e7i\u011flenme noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve alt\u0131nda d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak de\u011fi\u015fen s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda birle\u015fimi, \u00e7oklu asitli, \u00e7oklu klor\u00fcrl\u00fc bir korozyon ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \u00d6zellikle MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in, uygun paslanmaz \u00e7elik kalitesinin (tipik olarak \u015fiddetli klor\u00fcr servisi i\u00e7in 316L veya dupleks 2205) se\u00e7ilmesi, erozyon-korozyonu en aza indirmek i\u00e7in gaz h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayarlanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7amur birikme oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in kanal ak\u0131\u015f kesitinin optimize edilmesi, MGGH'nin \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen temel malzeme ve tasar\u0131m disiplinleridir. 3. y\u0131ldan itibaren kanal duvar\u0131 ve MGGH boru duvar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc muayenesi \u00f6nerilir.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nY\u0131kama kulesindeki sirk\u00fclasyon suyundaki klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonu aktif olarak kontrol edilmelidir \u2014 s\u00fcrekli iletkenlik analiz\u00f6r\u00fc tak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Y\u0131kama kulesi, gazdaki HCl'yi dola\u015f\u0131mdaki suya temizler. Dola\u015f\u0131mdaki sudaki klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonunun kontrols\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckselmesine izin verilirse (yeterli tahliye ve seyreltme yap\u0131lmadan buharla\u015fma yoluyla), emilim i\u00e7in itici g\u00fc\u00e7 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in HCl emilim verimlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fer, daha fazla HCl baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) emici \u00fcnitesine girer ve klor\u00fcr kirlenmesi nedeniyle al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesi bozulur. Y\u0131kama kulesinin dola\u015f\u0131m suyu devresine s\u00fcrekli bir iletkenlik analiz\u00f6r\u00fc tak\u0131n ve klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonunu 20.000 mg\/L'nin alt\u0131nda (veya al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesi gereksiniminde belirtildi\u011fi gibi) tutan otomatik bir tahliye ve seyreltme kontrol devresi uygulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        07 \u2014 M\u00fchendislikten \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/p>\n

        Bu \u00c7elik D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Egzoz Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131tma Projesinden \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan D\u00f6rt Ders<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • 1<\/span>
          \nMGGH \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, tesiste at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 mevcut oldu\u011funda beyaz duman\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en enerji verimli yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/strong> Hem buharla \u0131s\u0131tma hem de elektrikli \u0131s\u0131tma, beyaz duman\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir enerji maliyeti getirir. MGGH, aksi takdirde atmosfere at\u0131lacak olan at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 kullanarak, enerji y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131f\u0131r marjinal yak\u0131t maliyetiyle duman giderme avantaj\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. S\u0131cak f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131tma sisteminden \u00f6nce \u2265150\u00b0C'de bulundu\u011fu herhangi bir \u00e7elik, demir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 metal veya seramik tesisinde, harici enerjiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herhangi bir yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma alternatifi belirtilmeden \u00f6nce, MGGH hem ekonomik hem de \u00e7evresel nedenlerle tercih edilen beyaz duman giderme teknolojisi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/li>\n
        • 2<\/span>
          \nHem HCl hem de y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 i\u00e7eren gaz ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemlerinde, y\u0131kama kulesinde HCl \u00f6n ar\u0131tma i\u015flemi iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Tek ba\u015f\u0131na ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, y\u0131kama kulesi sermaye maliyetini, kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Ancak ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) \u00e7amurunu, SO\u2082 emilim kimyas\u0131n\u0131 bozacak, al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesini in\u015faat malzemesi spesifikasyonunun alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek ve nihayetinde al\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine FGD \u00e7amurunun tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak bertaraf edilmesini gerektirecek klor\u00fcr kirlili\u011finden korur. \u0130ki a\u015famal\u0131 y\u0131kama kulesi + FGD mimarisi, t\u00fcm kirleticileri ayn\u0131 anda y\u00f6netmesi gereken tek a\u015famal\u0131 bir sisteme g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toplam \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu maliyete sahiptir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc FGD kimyas\u0131n\u0131, bir kez olu\u015ftu\u011funda d\u00fczeltilmesi zor olan klor\u00fcr kirlili\u011finden korur.<\/li>\n
        • 3<\/span>
          \nBu projede elde edilen performans ile tasarlanan performans aras\u0131ndaki fark, ak\u0131ll\u0131 izleme ve uyarlanabilir kontrol\u00fcn de\u011ferini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Tasarlanan performans: SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (99,3% giderimi), PM \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 5 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (75% giderimi). Ger\u00e7ek performans: SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (99,7% giderimi), PM \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (90% giderimi). Tesisin ak\u0131ll\u0131 izleme platformu \u2013 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 dozaj\u0131n\u0131n, WESP enerjilendirmesinin ve y\u0131kama kulesi sirk\u00fclasyonunun ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 adaptif ayarlanmas\u0131 \u2013 s\u00fcrekli olarak tasarlanan temel seviyenin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde performans sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 izleme ve adaptif kontrol yetene\u011fine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n sadece operasyonel bir konfor \u00f6zelli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131; tasarlanan sistem seviyesinin \u00fczerinde ek uyumluluk marj\u0131 yaratan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir performans \u00e7arpan\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li>\n
        • 4<\/span>
          \n2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu, \u226599% giderimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 (1,05) ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 (22,8) gerektirir; standart enerji santrali baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme tasar\u0131m parametreleri burada ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Enerji santrali baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda, 1.000\u20133.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in tipik olarak kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt oranlar\u0131 1,02\u20131,05 ve L\/G oranlar\u0131 8\u201315 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te, \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e kadar ,31 TP3T giderimi elde etmek i\u00e7in, her iki oran\u0131n da tasar\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst ucuna do\u011fru itilmesi, 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 (enerji santrali uygulamalar\u0131nda tipik 3 katmana k\u0131yasla) ve bulama\u00e7 pH's\u0131n\u0131n, kalsiyum kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131n ve al\u00e7\u0131 kristalle\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatli bir \u015fekilde optimize edilmesi gerekir. Y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131nda \u00e7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n FGD i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m parametreleri, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc FGD tasar\u0131m referanslar\u0131ndan basit\u00e7e kopyalanmak yerine, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak optimize edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          08 \u2014 S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/p>\n

          \u00c7elik D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Tozunun Giderilmesi ve K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi: On Soruya Cevap<\/h2>\n

          AB IED \/ Hollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyonlu iyile\u015ftirmeler planlayan \u00e7elik \u00fcretim ve EAF toz i\u015fleme tesislerindeki \u00e7evre izin y\u00f6neticileri, metalurji m\u00fchendisleri ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ekiplerinden gelen sorular.<\/p>\n

          \nS1. MGGH sistemi nedir ve harici enerji giri\u015fi olmadan beyaz duman\u0131 nas\u0131l ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          MGGH (Gaz-Gaz Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc, tipik olarak s\u0131cak su ara gaz yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma sistemi olarak uygulan\u0131r), \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcnde s\u0131cak ham f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131ndan termal enerjiyi \u00e7eker ve bunu dola\u015f\u0131mdaki s\u0131cak su devresine aktar\u0131r. Bu s\u0131cak su (bu kurulumda: \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne 89\u00b0C'de girer ve 109\u00b0C'de \u00e7\u0131kar), \u0131slak elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve burada temiz baca gaz\u0131 sonras\u0131 gaz\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\u00b0C'den 90\u00b0C'ye y\u00fckseltir. Baca \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 90\u00b0C'ye y\u00fckselterek, gaz t\u00fcm normal ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131nda atmosferik su buhar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011flenme noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde kal\u0131r ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr yo\u011fu\u015fma duman\u0131 olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nler. Sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan net enerji giri\u015fi s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r - \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131, tesisin d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131ndan elde edilen kendi at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kendi kendine yeterlilik, MGGH'yi buharla \u0131s\u0131tma (kazan buhar\u0131 gerektirir) veya elektrikle \u0131s\u0131tma (elektrik gerektirir) y\u00f6ntemlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131r; her ikisi de s\u00fcrekli enerji maliyeti getirir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS2. \u00c7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin AB IED \/ Hollanda mevzuat gerekliliklerinden hangileri ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/summary>\n
          Demir ve \u00c7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (EAF) tozunu i\u015fleyen \u00e7elik \u00fcretim tesisleri, AB IED 2010\/75\/EU y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Uygulanabilir En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler (BAT) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 (Demir ve \u00c7elik \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler Referans Belgesi), her bir i\u015flem t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in toz, SO\u2082, NOx, CO, HCl, HF ve a\u011f\u0131r metaller i\u00e7in emisyon limit de\u011ferlerini belirler. Hollanda'da izinler, Faaliyetler Kararnamesi (Activiteitenbesluit milieubeheer) ve \u00c7evre Kanunu (Omgevingswet) kapsam\u0131nda, il d\u00fczeyindeki \u00c7evre Hizmetleri (Omgevingsdienst) taraf\u0131ndan verilmektedir. \u00c7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in tipik Hollanda izin limitleri: SO\u2082 \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3, PM \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3, CO \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3, HCl \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3, HF \u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3. CEMS'in EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standard\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yetkili makam\u0131n raporlama sistemine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Raporlama e\u015fiklerinin \u00fczerinde, E-PRTR Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (EC) 166\/2006 uyar\u0131nca y\u0131ll\u0131k uyumluluk raporlamas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS3. Y\u0131kama kulesi, al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesini korumak i\u00e7in kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemiyle nas\u0131l etkile\u015fime girer?<\/summary>\n
          Y\u0131kama kulesi, FGD emiciye girmeden \u00f6nce gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki HCl'nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu HCl \u00f6n uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi iki nedenden dolay\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir: (1) FGD bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcndeki klor\u00fcr iyonlar\u0131, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczey \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in s\u00fclfit iyonlar\u0131yla rekabet eder ve klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonlar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a SO\u2082 emme verimlili\u011fini azalt\u0131r. FGD'den \u00f6nce HCl'nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak, FGD bulamac\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck klor\u00fcr kararl\u0131 durum konsantrasyonunda ve daha iyi emme kimyas\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. (2) FGD al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n klor\u00fcrle kirlenmesi, in\u015faat malzemesi olarak ticari de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; EN 13279-1'deki klor\u00fcr e\u015fi\u011finin \u00fczerindeki al\u00e7\u0131, duvar paneli altl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lamaz ve sat\u0131lmak yerine at\u0131k olarak bertaraf edilmelidir. Y\u0131kama kulesinin HCl \u00f6n uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, FGD al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat malzemesi yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in klor\u00fcr s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak potansiyel at\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131labilir bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS4. Bu be\u015f a\u015famal\u0131 sistem i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetlerinin ne olmas\u0131 beklenmelidir?<\/summary>\n
          Ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyeti kategorileri \u015funlard\u0131r: (1) Elektrik: 691 kW fiili i\u015fletme g\u00fcc\u00fc (maksimum 850 kW), y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.000 saat ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh e\u015fde\u011feri ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 199.000 RMB e\u015fde\u011feri y\u0131ll\u0131k; (2) Su: yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 t\/saat t\u00fcketim, y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyet yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; (3) Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131: 275 kg\/saat, 250 RMB\/t ile y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyet yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; (4) Yedek par\u00e7alar: y\u0131kama kulesi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozullar\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k), FGD sis giderici elemanlar\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k kontrol, gerekti\u011finde de\u011fi\u015ftirme), WESP anot t\u00fcp\u00fc temizli\u011fi (\u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir), MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc kurum \u00fcfleme vanas\u0131 ve nozul bak\u0131m\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k); (5) Al\u00e7\u0131 bertaraf\u0131 veya sat\u0131\u015f\u0131: Saatte 395 kg'l\u0131k azami \u00fcretim kapasitesine sahip al\u00e7\u0131, in\u015faat malzemesi \u015fartnamesini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa kredi, end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k olarak bertaraf edilmesi gerekiyorsa maliyettir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS5. MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc giri\u015finde neden \u00f6zellikle \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i bir PM monit\u00f6r\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc, gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki partik\u00fcl konsantrasyonu tasar\u0131m seviyesinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kademeli olarak kirlenip t\u0131kanabilen, birbirine yak\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131 transfer borular\u0131 veya plakalar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek toz y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn kademeli performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden oldu\u011fu y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131lar veya elektrostatik \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerden farkl\u0131 olarak, bir MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc, tortular dar ge\u00e7itleri t\u0131kamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131zlanan bir t\u0131kanma ya\u015fayabilir; bu da \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde k\u0131smi kirlenmeden tam t\u0131kanmaya ge\u00e7mesine neden olan do\u011frusal olmayan bir ar\u0131za modu yarat\u0131r. MGGH giri\u015findeki \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i PM monit\u00f6r\u00fc, \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne y\u00fcksek PM g\u00f6nderen herhangi bir yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f toz \u00f6n ar\u0131tma ar\u0131zas\u0131 konusunda erken uyar\u0131 sa\u011flar ve operat\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u0131kanma \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 temizleme gerektirecek kadar ciddi hale gelmeden \u00f6nce kurum \u00fcfleme i\u015flemini ba\u015flatmas\u0131na veya d\u00fczeltici \u00f6nlem almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS6. Y\u00fcksek CO i\u00e7eri\u011fi (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 4.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3) ar\u0131tma sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilir?<\/summary>\n
          Elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 toz d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda eksik yanmadan kaynaklanan y\u00fcksek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bCO konsantrasyonu, \u00f6ncelikle ar\u0131tma ekipman\u0131yla de\u011fil, yanma y\u00f6netimi (f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ikincil yanma b\u00f6lgesinde yeterli hava\/yak\u0131t oran\u0131 ve bekleme s\u00fcresinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131) yoluyla kayna\u011f\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ar\u0131tma sisteminin kendisi - \u0131slak y\u0131kama zinciri - CO'yu etkili bir \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaz. CO \u015fu \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilir: (1) f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve ar\u0131tma sistemi giri\u015finde s\u00fcrekli CO izleme ve y\u00fcksek CO alarm seviyelerinin otomatik sistem g\u00fcvenlik kilitlerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131; (2) f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ar\u0131tma sistemi giri\u015fi aras\u0131ndaki kanalda CO konsantrasyonunu kapal\u0131 ekipman\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi seviyeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yeterli seyreltme havas\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131; (3) ikincil yanma odas\u0131n\u0131n (varsa) tasar\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in f\u0131r\u0131n yanma b\u00f6lgesinin d\u00fczenli olarak incelenmesi. Kalan CO \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konsantrasyonu, ar\u0131tma sistemi performans\u0131ndan ziyade f\u0131r\u0131n yanma y\u00f6netimine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS7. Bu a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ortamda MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in hangi paslanmaz \u00e7elik kaliteleri belirtilmi\u015ftir?<\/summary>\n
          \u00c7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131 servisinde (115\u2013160\u00b0C'de HCl + HF + SO\u2082 + NaCl) kullan\u0131lan MGGH \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6rleri i\u00e7in, \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (s\u0131cak taraf: 160\u00b0C'de ham gaz, y\u00fcksek toz ve asit gaz\u0131) tipik olarak \u015funlar\u0131 gerektirir: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck klor\u00fcrl\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7in minimum 316L paslanmaz \u00e7elik; daha y\u00fcksek klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonuna veya asit \u00e7i\u011flenme noktas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en s\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne maruz kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler i\u00e7in dupleks 2205 veya 904L; ve konsantre asit kondensat\u0131na maruz kalan t\u00fcm bile\u015fenler i\u00e7in Hastelloy C-276. Yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck klor\u00fcr konsantrasyonunda ve 50\u201390\u00b0C'de temiz WESP sonras\u0131 gaz\u0131 i\u015fleyen) tipik olarak tamamen 316L kullanabilir. T\u00fcm malzeme se\u00e7imleri, genel kalite referanslar\u0131 yerine, kurulum i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen gaz bile\u015fimi verileri kullan\u0131larak bir korozyon m\u00fchendisli\u011fi incelemesiyle do\u011frulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS8. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, 2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck SO\u2082 seviyesinden ,31 T3T oran\u0131nda SO\u2082 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde nas\u0131l tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          2.800 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten 99,3% SO\u2082 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma elde etmek, FGD emici tasar\u0131m parametrelerini standart enerji santrali \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 gerektirir: (1) Daha uzun gaz-s\u0131v\u0131 temas s\u00fcresi sa\u011flayan 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 (tipik 3'e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k); (2) 22,8 L\/Nm\u00b3 s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck SO\u2082'li enerji santrali FGD'leri i\u00e7in tipik 8-15'e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k); (3) 1,05 kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt molar oran\u0131 (standart aral\u0131k 1,02-1,05); (4) Y\u00fcksek p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme yo\u011funlu\u011fu sa\u011flayan 325 m\u00b3\/h tek pompa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131; (5) Kalsiyum s\u00fclfitin jips oksidasyonu i\u00e7in yeterli kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresi sa\u011flayan 3,5 saatlik bulama\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6kelme s\u00fcresi; (6) Bulamac\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f ekipman\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in agresif sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 (2 katmanl\u0131 elek + 1 boru demeti). Bu parametrelerin birle\u015fimi, ,3% tasar\u0131m iyile\u015ftirmesini sa\u011flar; ak\u0131ll\u0131 izleme ve uyarlanabilir kontrol sistemi ise operasyonda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ,7% ger\u00e7ek performans iyile\u015ftirmesini a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS9. Hollanda \u00e7evre izin ko\u015fullar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bir \u00e7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n tesisinin bacas\u0131nda hangi CEMS parametreleri gereklidir?<\/summary>\n
          Hollanda'da \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki IED (End\u00fcstriyel Enerji Depolama) tesisleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan \u00e7evre izin ko\u015fullar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, bacadaki CEMS (S\u00fcrekli \u0130zleme ve \u0130zleme Sistemi) kurulumu tipik olarak \u015funlar\u0131 kapsar: SO\u2082, PM (Par\u00e7ac\u0131k), CO, NOx (ilgiliyse), O\u2082 konsantrasyonu, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi s\u00fcrekli kanallar olarak. HCl ve HF, izin \u00f6zellikle s\u00fcrekli HCl veya HF izlemesini gerektirmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, s\u00fcrekli izleme yerine genellikle periyodik manuel \u00f6rnekleme (en az \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir) ile izlenir. A\u011f\u0131r metaller (\u00e7inko, kur\u015fun ve EAF tozu i\u015fleme kaynakl\u0131 di\u011ferleri) genellikle alt\u0131 ayda bir periyodik manuel izokinetik \u00f6rnekleme ile izlenir. T\u00fcm CEMS kanallar\u0131, akredite bir do\u011frulama kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen y\u0131ll\u0131k yerinde do\u011fruluk testi (AST) ile EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standard\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Veriler, yetkili makam\u0131n raporlama sistemine (E-Monitoring veya e\u015fde\u011feri) ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak iletilmeli ve Omgevingsdienst'e y\u0131ll\u0131k uyumluluk raporlar\u0131 sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS10. \u00c7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n EAF toz i\u015fleme baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemleri i\u00e7in yerinde inceleme yap\u0131labilecek referans tesisler mevcut mu?<\/summary>\n
          Evet. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan entegre MGGH + y\u0131kama kulesi + kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD + WESP + MGGH yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma ar\u0131tma sistemi, \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n EAF toz i\u015fleme tesislerinde ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde devreye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitelikli potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f CEMS uyumluluk verilerine eri\u015fim, ak\u0131ll\u0131 izleme platformu g\u00f6sterimi ve y\u0131ll\u0131k performans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan operasyonel dok\u00fcmantasyon da dahil olmak \u00fczere referans saha ziyaretleri d\u00fczenlenebilir. Referans dok\u00fcmantasyon talep etmek veya benzer bir \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisi d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma tesisinde saha ziyareti d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ileti\u015fim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n
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          \n

          \u00c7elik end\u00fcstrisinde ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon standartlar\u0131na ula\u015fmaya haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

          End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin T\u00fcm Yelpazesini Ke\u015ffedin<\/h2>\n

          MGGH entegre toz giderme ve \u00e7elik d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlar i\u00e7in k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemlerinden End\u00fcstriyel VOC azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in rejeneratif termal oksidasyon sistemleri<\/a>M\u00fchendislik ekibimiz, \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisinin en zorlu emisyon kontrol gereksinimleri i\u00e7in AB IED uyumlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Talep Edin \u2192<\/a>
          \n          T\u00fcm Emisyon Kontrol Teknolojilerini Ke\u015ffedin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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