{"id":3092,"date":"2026-06-16T08:50:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/?p=3092"},"modified":"2026-06-16T08:50:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T08:50:00","slug":"doner-firin-ile-buyuk-olcekli-kati-atiklarin-kapsamli-islenmesi-icin-atik-gaz-aritimi-kuru-kukurt-giderme-dusuk-sicaklikta-scr-denitrifikasyon-ve-torba-filtre-ile-karmasik-cok-kaynakli-atiklardan-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/tr\/basvuru\/doner-firin-ile-buyuk-olcekli-kati-atiklarin-kapsamli-islenmesi-icin-atik-gaz-aritimi-kuru-kukurt-giderme-dusuk-sicaklikta-scr-denitrifikasyon-ve-torba-filtre-ile-karmasik-cok-kaynakli-atiklardan-to\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Kat\u0131 At\u0131klar i\u00e7in D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131nla \u200b\u200bAt\u0131k Gaz Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: SDS Kuru K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR Azot Giderme ve Karma\u015f\u0131k \u00c7ok Kaynakl\u0131 At\u0131k Gazlar\u0131ndan Torba Filtre ile Toz Giderme"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Vaka \u0130ncelemesi \u00b7 End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol\u00fc<\/p>\n

\u00d6nde gelen bir kat\u0131 at\u0131k kaynak geri kazan\u0131m i\u015fletmesi, y\u00fcksek HCl, y\u00fcksek HF ve y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 bile\u015fimine sahip kirlenmi\u015f toprak ve end\u00fcstriyel kat\u0131 at\u0131k yakma baca gazlar\u0131na uyarlanm\u0131\u015f SDS sodyum bikarbonat kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR ve darbeli jet torba filtre teknolojisini kullanarak, saatte 48.000 Nm\u00b3 gibi olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fken \u00e7ok kaynakl\u0131 d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131ndan ,85% k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme, % SCR azot giderme ve ,4% toz giderme i\u015flemlerini nas\u0131l ba\u015fard\u0131?<\/p>\n

Kat\u0131 At\u0131k D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Baca Gaz\u0131<\/span>
\nSDS Kuru K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme<\/span>
\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR Denitrifikasyonu<\/span>
\nDarbe Jetli Torba Filtre<\/span>
\nKirlenmi\u015f Topra\u011f\u0131n Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flemi<\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
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99.85%<\/div>\n
K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Verimlili\u011fi<\/div>\n
SDS Kuru FGD<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
98.4%<\/div>\n
Toz Giderme<\/div>\n
Torba Filtre<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
48,000<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3\/h<\/div>\n
Standart Baca Gaz\u0131 Hacmi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
50 mg<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n
500-600 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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01 \u2014 Sekt\u00f6r Hakk\u0131nda Bilgiler<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Kat\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n Kapsaml\u0131 \u0130\u015flenmesi: Karma\u015f\u0131k \u00c7oklu Kirletici Emisyon Zorluklar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fcyen Bir Sekt\u00f6r<\/h2>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kat\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma stratejisinin temel bir bile\u015fenidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kat\u0131 at\u0131klar, son derece \u00e7e\u015fitli malzemeleri kapsar: in\u015faat at\u0131klar\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr k\u00fcl\u00fc, at\u0131k kaya, k\u00f6m\u00fcr c\u00fcrufu, end\u00fcstriyel yan \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u00e7\u0131, k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme at\u0131klar\u0131, eritme c\u00fcrufu ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131. Bu zorlu\u011fun boyutu \u00f6nemlidir; y\u0131ll\u0131k yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kat\u0131 at\u0131k birikimi artmaya devam ederken, kapsaml\u0131 kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131 601.000 tonun alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r ve mevcut tarihi stoklar bir\u00e7ok sanayi b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6nemli bir arazi kayna\u011f\u0131 ve ekolojik g\u00fcvenlik sorununu temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki tesis, \u00e7evresel iyile\u015ftirme ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup, ba\u015fl\u0131ca i\u015f alanlar\u0131 kirlenmi\u015f toprak iyile\u015ftirme, tehlikeli at\u0131k ar\u0131tma ve at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma teknolojisi hizmetleridir. Kat\u0131 at\u0131k ar\u0131tma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde lider bir kurulu\u015f olarak, kirlenmi\u015f toprak ar\u0131tma (y\u0131ll\u0131k kapasite: 1,1 milyon m\u00b3 end\u00fcstriyel kat\u0131 cisim kirlenmi\u015f toprak), \u00e7amur ar\u0131tma (y\u0131ll\u0131k kapasite: a\u011f\u0131r metaller dahil 360.000 m\u00b3 \u00e7amur) ve in\u015faat malzemeleri ve yol malzemelerinin kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 (y\u0131ll\u0131k kapasite: 730.000 m\u00b3 in\u015faat malzemesi baz\u0131 ve yol malzemesi baz\u0131) olmak \u00fczere entegre bir \u00fcretim hatt\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015flemden sonra, y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 m\u00b3 in\u015faat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi baz malzemesi ve yol malzemesi i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Kirlenmi\u015f topra\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nla \u200b\u200b\u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemi, 170\u00b0C'de, kirlenmi\u015f topra\u011f\u0131n ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k hammaddelerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli ve tahmin edilemez kimyasal bile\u015fimini yans\u0131tan, olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fken \u00e7oklu kirletici y\u00fck\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan bir at\u0131k gaz \u00fcretir. Sabit hammadde \u00f6zelliklerine sahip \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k yakma f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, kat\u0131 at\u0131k i\u015fleme d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, hafif kirlenmi\u015f in\u015faat y\u0131k\u0131m at\u0131klar\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r kirlenmi\u015f end\u00fcstriyel proses kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar, partiler aras\u0131nda bile\u015fimi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015febilen hammaddeleri i\u015flemek zorundad\u0131r. Bu bile\u015fimsel de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, at\u0131k gaz ar\u0131tma sistemi i\u00e7in belirleyici m\u00fchendislik zorlu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

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\u201cBu proje i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan ilk veriler hatal\u0131yd\u0131; d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek HF, HCl ve SO\u2082 konsantrasyonlar\u0131, tasar\u0131m \u00f6ncesi karakterizasyonun g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi devreye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ekipman a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ciddi boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu deneyim, kirlenmi\u015f toprak ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kat\u0131 at\u0131k i\u015fleme uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, muhafazakar tasar\u0131m marjlar\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hammadde bile\u015fiminin do\u011fas\u0131nda var olan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemezli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 temel bir g\u00fcvence oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2014 M\u00fchendislik Deneyimi \u00d6zeti, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6l\u00e7ekli Kat\u0131 At\u0131k Kapsaml\u0131 \u0130\u015fleme Toz Giderme \/ K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme \/ Azot Giderme Projesi<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

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02 \u2014 Kirlilik Profili<\/p>\n

Kirlenmi\u015f Toprak D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Gaz\u0131: \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen \u00c7oklu Kirletici Bile\u015fimi, Muhafazakar Tasar\u0131m Gerektiriyor<\/h2>\n

D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eren yak\u0131tla (k\u00fck\u00fcrt) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Standart baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 48.000 Nm\u00b3\/h; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda (170\u00b0C) proses baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 80.000 Nm\u00b3\/h'dir. Oksijen i\u00e7eri\u011fi 12\u201315% ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer (11% temel de\u011fer) aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u0130ki adet cebri \u00e7eki\u015f fan\u0131, 6.000 Pa'da 200\u00d72 kW g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flamakta ve 1 m'lik bir \u00e7ift fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tasar\u0131m karakterizasyonundan elde edilen ilk kirletici profili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • SO\u2082 500\u2013600 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te<\/strong>Y\u00fcksek de\u011fi\u015fkenlik. Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m), ger\u00e7ekte elde edilen de\u011fer 50 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Geni\u015f giri\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek konsantrasyonlar\u0131n tasar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesi, SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in yetersiz kapasiteyle tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; bu da devreye alma sonras\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminde iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/li>\n
  • Partik\u00fcl madde (PM) 20 g\/Nm\u00b3 (20.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3)<\/strong>: Kirlenmi\u015f toprak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve yanma k\u00fcl\u00fcnden kaynaklanan son derece y\u00fcksek toz y\u00fck\u00fc. Is\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6n so\u011futmas\u0131 ve SDS enjeksiyonundan sonra, torba filtre giri\u015f konsantrasyonu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r. Torba filtre, 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 tasar\u0131m hedefine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek) \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f PM de\u011feri sa\u011flayarak ,41 TP3T toz giderme performans\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n
  • 15 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te HCl<\/strong>: Kirlenmi\u015f topraktaki ve at\u0131k hammaddelerdeki klor\u00fcr bile\u015fiklerinden. Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3. Ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer: 2 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u2014 k\u0131smen SDS sodyum bikarbonat enjeksiyonu (hem HCl hem de SO\u2082 ile reaksiyona girer) ve torba filtre taraf\u0131ndan yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • HF, 30 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te<\/strong>: Kirlenmi\u015f toprak beslemesindeki flor\u00fcr i\u00e7eren at\u0131k bile\u015fenlerinden kaynaklanan y\u00fcksek HF seviyesi. Ger\u00e7ek HF konsantrasyonu, tasar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerinden daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve devreye alma sonras\u0131 ke\u015ffedilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme durumuna katk\u0131da bulundu. Hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f: \u226460 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m); elde edilen ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer: 6 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda).<\/li>\n
  • NOx (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta belirtilmemi\u015f, SCR ile ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f)<\/strong>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR denitrifikasyonu, 220\u2013260\u00b0C giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 50% denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131r. SCR giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 220\u00b0C; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 200\u00b0C.<\/li>\n
  • S\u0131cakl\u0131k noktalar\u0131<\/strong>F\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 380\u2013450\u00b0C; \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcnden sonra, SDS enjeksiyon b\u00f6lgesinden \u00f6nce s\u0131cakl\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 260\u00b0C'ye d\u00fc\u015fer; k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme giri\u015findeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 250\u00b0C; torba filtre giri\u015findeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 260\u00b0C; SCR denitrifikasyon giri\u015findeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k 220\u00b0C'dir (torba filtreden sonra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Parametre<\/th>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bKonsantrasyonu<\/th>\nTasar\u0131m Ma\u011fazas\u0131<\/th>\nGer\u00e7ek \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/th>\nAB IED S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    NOx<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2264180 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u2264180 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n200 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (IED WID)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SO\u2082<\/td>\n500\u2013600 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226480 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n50 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n80 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (IED WID)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Partik\u00fcl madde (PM)<\/td>\n20 g\/Nm\u00b3 (20.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3)<\/td>\n\u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n3 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n20 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (IED WID)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    HCl<\/td>\n15 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n2 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n10 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (IED WID)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    HF<\/td>\n30 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226460 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n6 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n1 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (IED WID)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/td>\nSunmak<\/td>\nYok (g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez)<\/td>\nHi\u00e7biri \u2014 onayland\u0131<\/td>\nG\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy yok.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Standart baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n48.000 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Proses baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n170\u00b0C'de 80.000 Nm\u00b3\/h<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    F\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n380\u2013450\u00b0C<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    03 \u2014 Tedavi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n

    D\u00f6rt A\u015famal\u0131 Kuru Ar\u0131tma Sistemi: Is\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fimi \u2192 SDS Kuru Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme \u2192 Torba Filtre \u2192 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR<\/h2>\n

    Bu ar\u0131tma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, tamamen kuru bir i\u015flem zinciri kullanarak, bu kadar y\u00fcksek oranda kirlenmi\u015f bir gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slak y\u0131kama i\u015fleminden kaynaklanacak at\u0131k su olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nler. D\u00f6rt ar\u0131tma a\u015famas\u0131, kirletici profilini s\u0131rayla ele al\u0131r; torba filtreden \u00f6nceki y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki filtre sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR azot giderme i\u00e7in ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 1: Baca Gaz\u0131 So\u011futma Is\u0131 E\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc (380\u2013450\u00b0C \u2192 260\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n

    380\u2013450\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131, iri par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in siklon \u00f6n tozlay\u0131c\u0131ya girer, ard\u0131ndan baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 260\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmayacak \u015fekilde kontrol etmek i\u00e7in su so\u011futmal\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er. Temel parametreler: baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 48.000 m\u00b3\/h; \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r alan\u0131 284 m\u00b2; cihaz bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 429 Pa; s\u0131cak taraf giri\u015fi 350\u00b0C; s\u0131cak taraf \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 250\u00b0C; cihaz boyutlar\u0131 1.989\u00d72.170\u00d73.150 mm. Bu \u00f6n so\u011futma ad\u0131m\u0131, gaz\u0131 SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin ve torba filtrenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirir ve korozyon \u00f6nleyici malzemelerin ve torba filtre kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nominal s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 2: SDS Kuru K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme (Sodyum Bikarbonat Enjeksiyonu)<\/h3>\n

    So\u011futulan gaz daha sonra SDS (Sprey Kuru Y\u0131kama \/ Sodyum Bikarbonat Kuru Sorbent) kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesine girer. SDS, sorbent olarak toz haline getirilmi\u015f sodyum bikarbonat (NaHCO\u2083) kullan\u0131r; bu madde gaz ak\u0131m\u0131na enjekte edildi\u011finde termal olarak ayr\u0131\u015farak sodyum karbonat (Na\u2082CO\u2083) \u00fcretir ve daha sonra SO\u2082, HCl ve HF ile reaksiyona girerek sodyum s\u00fclfit\/s\u00fclfat ve sodyum klor\u00fcr\/flor\u00fcr tuzlar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca SDS parametreleri: baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 78.000 m\u00b3\/sa; baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 250\u00b0C; SO\u2082 giri\u015fi 250 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m) \/ 500\u2013600 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek); SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 80 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m) \/ 50 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek); kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 1,1; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama kapasitesi 5 m\u00b3; 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck otonomi. Saatte 0,03 ton t\u00fcketimle y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi; y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 21,6 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri. SDS prosesi, SO\u2082'ye ek olarak HCl ve HF'yi e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak, herhangi bir s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k \u00fcretmeden tek bir enjeksiyon a\u015famas\u0131nda gerekli \u00e7oklu asit gaz\u0131 giderme i\u015flemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 3: Darbeli Jet Torba Filtre (2.712 m\u00b2 Filtrasyon Alan\u0131)<\/h3>\n

    SDS enjeksiyonundan sonra, gaz ve SDS reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, partik\u00fcl madde uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in darbeli jet torba filtreye girer. Torba filtre, hem f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n orijinal baca gaz\u0131 partik\u00fcllerini hem de SDS a\u015famas\u0131ndan gelen sodyum tuzu reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini yakalayarak, ayn\u0131 anda etkili PM ve asit gaz\u0131 tuzu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma sa\u011flar. Temel parametreler: filtrasyon alan\u0131 2.712 m\u00b2; torba say\u0131s\u0131 900; torba \u00e7ap\u0131 \u03c6160 mm; filtrasyon h\u0131z\u0131 \u22640,7 m\/dak; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f PM konsantrasyonu \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (tasar\u0131m) \/ 3 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (ger\u00e7ek); g\u00f6vde direnci 300 Pa; baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2264260\u00b0C; cihaz boyutlar\u0131 8.300\u00d77.140\u00d713.360 mm; cihaz y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 13.360 mm; Tasar\u0131m bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00b15.000 Pa. Genel sistem toz giderme: 98,4% tasar\u0131m \/ 90% ger\u00e7ek (ger\u00e7ek performans, beklenenden y\u00fcksek giri\u015f kirletici konsantrasyonlar\u0131 nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fulunu yans\u0131t\u0131r). Torba filtre, PM i\u00e7in kritik uyumluluk bile\u015fenidir; filtre torbalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 ve darbeli jet temizleme etkinli\u011finin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak birincil operasyonel \u00f6nceliklerdir.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \"BLBD1W-230W<\/div>\n
    \"End\u00fcstriyel<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    A\u015fama 4: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR Denitrifikasyonu (220\u00b0C \u2192 200\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n

    Partik\u00fcllerden ve asit gazlar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan torba filtre sonras\u0131 gaz, NOx azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 220\u00b0C'de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fcne girer. SCR, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek toz y\u00fck\u00fcnden korumak i\u00e7in torba filtrenin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131na (so\u011fuk taraf SCR) yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; aksi takdirde bu toz y\u00fck\u00fc kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyini h\u0131zla kirletir ve mekanik olarak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Temel SCR parametreleri: cihaz d\u0131\u015f boyutlar\u0131 85.000 mm (plan); cihaz d\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 1.308 mm; 15 kataliz\u00f6r mod\u00fcl\u00fc; kataliz\u00f6r hacmi 17 m\u00b3; cihaz bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 500 Pa; SCR giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 220\u00b0C; SCR \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200\u00b0C. So\u011fuk taraf SCR konfig\u00fcrasyonu, standart SCR kataliz\u00f6rlerinin tipik 350-400\u00b0C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan 200-260\u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir kataliz\u00f6r form\u00fclasyonu gerektirir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR kataliz\u00f6rleri, 200\u2013260\u00b0C'de yeterli NOx indirgeme aktivitesini korurken, SDS a\u015famas\u0131ndan torba filtreden \u00e7ok ince halde ge\u00e7en sodyum ve kalsiyum tuzu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu deaktivasyona kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren modifiye form\u00fclasyonlar kullan\u0131r. Denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fi: 50% (tasar\u0131m ve ger\u00e7ek).<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n
    \n380\u2013450\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Siklon + HX \u2b50
    \n\u2192260\u00b0C<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    SDS Kuru FGD \u2b50
    \nNaHCO\u2083
    \nSO\u2082\/HCl\/HF<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Torba Filtre \u2b50
    \n2.712 m\u00b2
    \n98.4% PM<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR \u2b50
    \n220\u00b0C
    \n50% NOx<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    IDF Hayran\u0131
    \n\u2192 Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \"B\u00fcy\u00fck<\/p>\n

    \"B\u00fcy\u00fck<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Ekipman ve Reaktiflerin \u00d6zeti<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00d6\u011fe<\/th>\n\u00d6zellikler<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    So\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc<\/td>\n48.000 m\u00b3\/saat; 284 m\u00b2 alan; 429 Pa bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc; 350\u2192250\u00b0C; 1.989\u00d72.170\u00d73.150 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme<\/td>\n78.000 m\u00b3\/saat; 250\u00b0C; SO\u2082 giri\u015fi 250 mg\/Nm\u00b3; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f 80 mg\/Nm\u00b3; Ca\/S oran\u0131 1,1; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama 5 m\u00b3 (3 g\u00fcn)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Torba filtre<\/td>\n2.712 m\u00b2 alan; 900 torba; \u03c6160 mm; \u22640,7 m\/dak; \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f; 300 Pa; 8.300\u00d77.140\u00d713.360 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR<\/td>\n85.000 mm (plan); 15 kataliz\u00f6r mod\u00fcl\u00fc; 17 m\u00b3 kataliz\u00f6r hacmi; 500 Pa; 220\u2192200\u00b0C; 50% NOx verimlili\u011fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Taslak taraftarlar<\/td>\n\u00dcnite ba\u015f\u0131na 90.000 m\u00b3\/saat; 6.000 Pa; 200\u2013250\u00b0C \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00fcnite ba\u015f\u0131na 200 kW; 1 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma + 1 yedek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi<\/td>\n0,03 t\/saat; 900 RMB\/t; y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyet yakla\u015f\u0131k 21,6 on bin RMB kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Amonyakl\u0131 su (SCR indirgeyici)<\/td>\n0,06 t\/saat; 600 RMB\/t; y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyet yakla\u015f\u0131k 28,8 on bin RMB kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Maksimum sistem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>\n326,21 kW (ger\u00e7ek); 534,46 kW (toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti (8.000 saat)<\/td>\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 93,9 on bin RMB'ye e\u015fde\u011fer, 0,36 RMB\/kWh fiyat\u0131ndan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    04 \u2014 Temel Avantajlar<\/p>\n

    Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k Kat\u0131 At\u0131k Gazlar\u0131n\u0131n Ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Kuru Proses SDS + Torba Filtre + D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR Sisteminin Do\u011fru Mimari Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Sebebi Nedir?<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nSDS Kuru Prosesi, Bilinmeyen Kaynaklardan Kaynaklanan Kirlilik \u0130\u00e7eren Gaz Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan Kaynaklanan \u0130kincil S\u0131v\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n Olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6nler:<\/strong> Kirlenmi\u015f toprak ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kat\u0131 at\u0131k i\u015fleme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde, \u00e7\u0131kan gaz\u0131n kimyasal bile\u015fimi do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi tahmin edilemezdir. Bu gaz\u0131n \u0131slak y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemiyle ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r metaller, organik mikro kirleticiler ve t\u00fcm asit gaz\u0131 emilim \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini tek bir s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u00e7eren, ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bertaraf edilmesi son derece zor olan, a\u011f\u0131r derecede kirlenmi\u015f at\u0131k su \u00fcretecektir. SDS kuru prosesi, t\u00fcm asit gaz\u0131 kirleticilerini (SO\u2082, HCl, HF) torba filtre taraf\u0131ndan kuru kat\u0131 at\u0131k olarak toplanan, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan ve tesisin mevcut tehlikeli at\u0131k y\u00f6netim zinciri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bertaraf edilen kat\u0131 sodyum tuzu reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ar\u0131tma i\u015fleminden s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k \u00fcretilir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nSDS Sodyum Bikarbonat, Tek Enjeksiyon A\u015famas\u0131nda SO\u2082, HCl ve HF'yi E\u015f Zamanl\u0131 Olarak Giderir:<\/strong> Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) y\u00f6nteminin aksine (ki bu y\u00f6ntem esas olarak SO\u2082'yi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r), SDS sodyum bikarbonat, \u00fc\u00e7 asit gaz\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 anda etkili bir \u015fekilde reaksiyona girer: SO\u2082 ile sodyum s\u00fclfit\/s\u00fclfat, HCl ile sodyum klor\u00fcr ve HF ile sodyum flor\u00fcr olu\u015fur. Kat\u0131 at\u0131k d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 gibi, \u00fc\u00e7 asit gaz\u0131n\u0131n da y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda bulundu\u011fu bir gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in SDS, ayr\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme ve asit gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma a\u015famalar\u0131 gerektirmek yerine, \u00fc\u00e7 kirleticinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele alan tek bir enjeksiyon a\u015famas\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu \u00e7oklu kirletici e\u015f zamanl\u0131 yakalama, de\u011fi\u015fken bile\u015fimli baca gaz\u0131 ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir operasyonel basitle\u015ftirmedir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nSo\u011fuk Tarafl\u0131 SCR Son Torba Filtresi, Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc Kirlenmi\u015f Toprak Gazlar\u0131n\u0131n A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Toz Y\u00fck\u00fcnden Korur:<\/strong> 20 g\/Nm\u00b3 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bpartik\u00fcl y\u00fck\u00fcnde, SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn torba filtrenin \u00f6n\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilmesi (s\u0131cak taraf SCR), a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 toz partik\u00fclleri nedeniyle kataliz\u00f6r kanal\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla t\u0131kanmas\u0131na ve mekanik a\u015f\u0131nmaya yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. So\u011fuk taraf SCR yerle\u015fimi (torba filtre PM'yi \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra), kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc bu mekanizmalardan korur ve kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn, y\u00fcksek tozlu bir ortamda meydana gelecek h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bozulma olmadan, nominal 50% NOx giderme verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lar. 200\u2013260\u00b0C \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k kataliz\u00f6r form\u00fclasyonu gerektirme dezavantaj\u0131, bu \u00f6zel uygulama i\u00e7in kataliz\u00f6r koruma avantaj\u0131yla dengelenmektedir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 Bazl\u0131 Reaktiflerin Avantajlar\u0131: Yayg\u0131n Olarak Bulunabilir, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Maliyetli, \u0130kincil Kirlili\u011fe Yol A\u00e7maz:<\/strong> Bu tesis i\u00e7in SDS proses spesifikasyonu, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD uygulamalar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan \u00e7e\u015fitli tasar\u0131m prensiplerini i\u00e7ermektedir: (1) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji t\u00fcketimi ve i\u015fletme maliyeti; (2) yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler (sodyum tuzlar\u0131) ikincil kirlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7madan uygun \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilebilir; (3) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alan kaplama ve rasyonel ak\u0131\u015f tasar\u0131m\u0131; (4) optimize edilmi\u015f performans i\u00e7in bilgisayar sim\u00fclasyonu yoluyla sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131; (5) uygun gaz ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131; (6) absorpsiyon reaktifi (kalsiyum bazl\u0131 y\u00fcksek verimli k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi) yayg\u0131n olarak temin edilebilir ve fiyat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rekabet\u00e7idir. Bu prensipler, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 FGD'den SDS uygulamalar\u0131na do\u011frudan aktar\u0131labilir ve asit gaz\u0131 kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemleri i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik tasar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nMod\u00fcler Mimari, Sistem De\u011fi\u015fimine Gerek Kalmadan Gelecekteki K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Y\u00fckseltmelerine Olanak Sa\u011flar:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f proje deneyimi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki hammadde karakterizasyon verilerinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bunun sonucunda devreye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan yetersiz boyutlu bir k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki d\u00fcr\u00fcst de\u011ferlendirmeyi i\u00e7ermektedir. Mod\u00fcler SDS enjeksiyon sistemi mimarisi, tesisin daha y\u00fcksek verimlili\u011fe sahip kalsiyum bazl\u0131 bir k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifine ge\u00e7erek ve mevcut \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde SDS sistem kapasitesini art\u0131rarak bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu da torba filtre, SCR veya \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini gerektirmemi\u015ftir. Mod\u00fcler tasar\u0131m sadece \u00e7evresel uyumluluk \u00f6zelli\u011fi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda de\u011fi\u015fken kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k at\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in hammadde karakterizasyonunun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz belirsizli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bir sigorta poli\u00e7esidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      05 \u2014 Operasyonel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n

      Devreye Alma Sonras\u0131 Sistem Y\u00fckseltmesinden Sonraki Uyumluluk Verileri<\/h2>\n

      Devreye alma sonras\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemine yap\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirmelerin (daha y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 reaktif ve geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f sistem kapasitesi) ard\u0131ndan, ar\u0131tma sistemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki uyumluluk verilerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n
      50 \/ 80<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      SO\u2082 \u2014 99.7% giderimi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      3 \/ 20<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      PM \u2014 90% kald\u0131rma<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      2 \/ 6<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      HCl \u2014 80% \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      6 \/ 60<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      HF \u2014 80% kald\u0131rma<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      326 kW<\/div>\n
      ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/div>\n
      (Kurulum g\u00fcc\u00fc: 534 kW)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      S\u0131f\u0131r<\/div>\n
      g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr beyaz t\u00fcy<\/div>\n
      Stack'te onayland\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      Y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetleri: 326,21 kW fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fcnde elektrik (0,36 RMB\/kWh e\u015fde\u011feri, 8.000 saat\/y\u0131l) = yakla\u015f\u0131k 93,9 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; su (so\u011futma suyu, sistem takviyesi, \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc so\u011futmas\u0131) yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; y\u00fcksek verimli k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi yakla\u015f\u0131k 21,6 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri; amonyakl\u0131 su (SCR indirgeyici) yakla\u015f\u0131k 28,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      06 \u2014 Uygulama Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

      Bu Projeden \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan Kritik Dersler \u2014 Nelerin Yanl\u0131\u015f Gitti\u011fi ve Nas\u0131l D\u00fczeltildi\u011fi Dahil<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \ud83d\udeab<\/span>
        \n\u00d6NEML\u0130 DERS: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki hammadde karakterizasyon verileri hatal\u0131yd\u0131; ger\u00e7ek HF, HCl ve SO\u2082 konsantrasyonlar\u0131 tasar\u0131m esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksekti ve bu da sistemde ani a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeye ve ekipmanlarda ciddi a\u015f\u0131nmaya neden oldu:<\/strong> Proje deneyim \u00f6zeti, sa\u011flanan ilk verilerin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ve ger\u00e7ek HF, HCl ve SO\u2082 konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m karakterizasyonunda belirtilenden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belgelemektedir. Bu durum, k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan itibaren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na, y\u00fcksek kirletici konsantrasyon dalgalanmalar\u0131na ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ciddi ekipman a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Herhangi bir kirlenmi\u015f toprak, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k veya de\u011fi\u015fken bile\u015fimli kat\u0131 at\u0131k i\u015fleme uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, tasar\u0131m SO\u2082 ve asit gaz\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131, hammadde de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fini hesaba katmak i\u00e7in muhafazakar bir yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc marj (karakterizasyon \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn en az 50% \u00fczerinde) i\u00e7ermelidir. Hammadde bile\u015fiminin tek bir nokta \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmez; tasar\u0131m esas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeden \u00f6nce en az 30 parti d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinden istatistiksel bir karakterizasyon gereklidir.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nHammadde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k bile\u015fimi, kronik olarak istikrars\u0131z sistem de\u015farj\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar; ek ar\u0131tma kapasitesine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmadan \u00f6nce kaynak kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirin:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f en \u00f6nemli risk, hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k bile\u015fiminin sistem de\u015farj\u0131nda \u200b\u200bdalgalanmalara neden olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk m\u00fcdahale \u00f6nlemi, hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kontrol etmek ve sistemin istikrarl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Ar\u0131tma sistemini y\u00fckseltmeden \u00f6nce, tesis, d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce her partideki temel kirletici maddeleri (k\u00fck\u00fcrt, klor\u00fcr, flor\u00fcr) karakterize eden hammadde kabul testini uygulamal\u0131d\u0131r. Tasar\u0131m karakterizasyon temelini a\u015fan partiler reddedilmeli veya birle\u015fik bile\u015fimi ar\u0131tma sisteminin nominal kapasitesi dahilinde tutmak i\u00e7in daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlu hammaddelerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nY\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip gaz, ekipmanlarda erken a\u015f\u0131nmaya neden olur; k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kapasitesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve iyile\u015ftirilmesi gerekir:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f ikinci risk, y\u00fcksek a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gaz\u0131n, ekipman\u0131n kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtilen de\u011ferin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren erken a\u015f\u0131nmaya neden olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yan\u0131t \u00f6nlemleri \u015funlard\u0131r: (1) k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kapasitesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemini y\u00fckseltmek ve iyile\u015ftirmek (y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 reaktife ge\u00e7i\u015f yoluyla uygulan\u0131r); (2) orijinal reaktifi de\u011fi\u015ftirerek k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi kullanmak; (3) personel denetim turlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve ekipman\u0131n normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek; (4) ilgili personelin g\u00fcvenlik bilincini ve teknik becerilerini s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015ftirmek. Bu uygulama kategorisindeki gelecekteki herhangi bir kurulum i\u00e7in, SDS enjeksiyon b\u00f6lgesinde ve torba filtre muhafazas\u0131nda (\u00e7\u0131plak karbon \u00e7elik yerine) korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzemeler belirtmek, a\u015f\u0131nma oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltacakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nTorba filtrelerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktif olarak kontrol edilmelidir; torba kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nominal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri, torban\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenidir:<\/strong> 380\u2013450\u00b0C f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6n so\u011futma \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn herhangi bir ar\u0131zas\u0131 (azalan so\u011futma suyu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc kirlenmesi veya vana ar\u0131zas\u0131) torba filtreye giren gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine neden olacakt\u0131r. Torba filtre s\u0131cakl\u0131k limiti (\u2264260\u00b0C), normal 250\u00b0C \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yaln\u0131zca m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik pay\u0131 sa\u011flar. So\u011futma sistemi ar\u0131zalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda torba kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hasar g\u00f6rmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, torba filtre giri\u015finde s\u00fcrekli s\u0131cakl\u0131k izleme sistemi uygulanmal\u0131 ve 250\u00b0C'de y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k alarm\u0131 ve 270\u00b0C'de otomatik f\u0131r\u0131n kapatma veya baypas sistemi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki SCR kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc, torba filtreden \u00e7ok ince halde ta\u015f\u0131nan SDS reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sodyum tuzlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan zehirlenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r:<\/strong> SDS prosesinden (sodyum s\u00fclfit, sodyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum flor\u00fcr) kaynaklanan ve torba filtreden mikron alt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar halinde ge\u00e7en sodyum bile\u015fikleri, zamanla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki SCR kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyine birikerek kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6zenek kanallar\u0131n\u0131 kademeli olarak t\u0131kayacak ve NOx d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm verimlili\u011fini azaltacakt\u0131r. SCR bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrekli olarak izleyin; sabit gaz hacminde artan bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, kataliz\u00f6r kirlenmesinin birincil g\u00f6stergesidir. SCR kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n periyodik olarak kurumdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 uygulay\u0131n (s\u0131kl\u0131k, ilk y\u0131l i\u015fletme verilerinden belirlenecektir) ve y\u0131ll\u0131k bak\u0131m kapsam\u0131na kataliz\u00f6r aktivite testini dahil edin.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nAr\u0131tma sisteminden \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm kat\u0131 at\u0131klar, bertaraf y\u00f6ntemine karar verilmeden \u00f6nce potansiyel olarak tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> SDS prosesi, torba filtre haznelerinde toplanan sodyum tuzu reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (sodyum s\u00fclfat, sodyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum flor\u00fcr) \u00fcretir. Bu kat\u0131 at\u0131klar, tehlikeli olmayan end\u00fcstriyel kat\u0131 at\u0131k kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 veya tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak y\u00f6netilmesi gerekip gerekmedi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in laboratuvar testleriyle (EN 12457 uyar\u0131nca TCLP s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 testi) s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kirlenmi\u015f toprak i\u015fleme ba\u011flam\u0131nda, reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ayr\u0131ca hammaddeden emilen a\u011f\u0131r metalleri ve organik mikro kirleticileri de i\u00e7erebilir ve bu da onlar\u0131 AB At\u0131k \u00c7er\u00e7eve Direktifi kategori kodlar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabilir. Devreye al\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce at\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ve onaylanm\u0131\u015f bertaraf yolunun teyidi al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        07 \u2014 M\u00fchendislikten \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/p>\n

        Kat\u0131 At\u0131k D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Gaz Ar\u0131tma Projesinden Elde Edilen D\u00f6rt Zorlu Ders<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • !<\/span>
          \nKar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kat\u0131 at\u0131k ar\u0131tma sistemleri i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m temeli olarak asla tek bir hammadde karakterizasyonunu kabul etmeyin.<\/strong> Bu projedeki t\u00fcm m\u00fchendislik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmi\u015f k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, ciddi ekipman a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, devreye alma sonras\u0131 acil durum y\u00fckseltmesi \u2013 do\u011frudan, herhangi bir g\u00fcvenlik pay\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, tasar\u0131m temeli olarak yanl\u0131\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bkarakterizasyon verilerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fken kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k at\u0131k uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in minimum kabul edilebilir karakterizasyon program\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: 30 temsili parti numunesi, her numune i\u00e7in tam asit gaz\u0131 analizi (SO\u2082, HCl, HF, NO, NO\u2082) ve tasar\u0131m temeli ortalama de\u011fil, 'lik konsantrasyona g\u00f6re belirlenir. Bu karakterizasyon program\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti, devreye alma sonras\u0131 acil durum y\u00fckseltmesinin maliyetinin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 2<\/span>
          \nSDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme, kirlenmi\u015f toprak ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kat\u0131 at\u0131k at\u0131k gazlar\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru teknolojidir, ancak do\u011fru boyutland\u0131r\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in giri\u015f \u00f6zelliklerinin hassas bir \u015fekilde belirlenmesi gerekir.<\/strong> SDS prosesinin avantajlar\u0131 \u2014 ikincil at\u0131k su olu\u015fmamas\u0131, e\u015f zamanl\u0131 SO\u2082\/HCl\/HF giderimi, kuru kat\u0131 at\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k \u2014 bu uygulama i\u00e7in tamamen ge\u00e7erli ve uygundur. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k teknoloji se\u00e7iminde de\u011fil, sistem boyutland\u0131rmas\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Tasar\u0131m temeli, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki hafife al\u0131nan karakterizasyon yerine, ger\u00e7ek 500\u2013600 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131, SDS sistemi ba\u015ftan itibaren uygun \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurdu ve devreye alma sonras\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme meydana gelmezdi.<\/li>\n
        • 3<\/span>
          \nSo\u011fuk tarafta d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan SCR (torba filtreden sonra) sistemi, y\u00fcksek tozlu toprak d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru SCR mimarisidir; SCR sistemini torba filtrenin \u00f6n\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirmeyin.<\/strong> 20 g\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bPM y\u00fck\u00fc, tipik bir enerji santrali SCR giri\u015f toz y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn 100 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu toz seviyesinde s\u0131cak taraftaki SCR, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde t\u0131kayacak ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131racakt\u0131r. Torba filtreden sonra 200\u2013260\u00b0C'de so\u011fuk taraftaki SCR, kataliz\u00f6r temas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde PM'yi \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek, y\u00f6netilebilir kataliz\u00f6r bak\u0131m gereksinimleriyle 50% NOx verimlilik hedefini sa\u011flar. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel olarak form\u00fcle edilmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 bir SCR kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc gerektirir, ancak bu teknoloji ticari olarak mevcuttur ve belirtilen maliyet, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toz y\u00fck\u00fcnde kataliz\u00f6r koruma faydas\u0131yla tamamen hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 4<\/span>
          \nBu projenin deneyimi -devreye al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonraki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen toparlanma s\u00fcreci de dahil olmak \u00fczere- ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan bir projeden daha de\u011ferlidir.<\/strong> Karakterizasyon verilerindeki yetersizli\u011fin, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmi\u015f k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin, ekipmanlardaki ciddi a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n ve iyile\u015ftirme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir \u015fekilde belgelenmesi, di\u011fer kat\u0131 at\u0131k i\u015fleme tesislerindeki m\u00fchendislik ekiplerine nelerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve b\u00f6yle bir durum ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131l m\u00fcdahale edilece\u011fi konusunda do\u011frudan bir \u015fablon sunmaktad\u0131r. Sadece ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen projeler, end\u00fcstriyi belgelenmi\u015f ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klardan elde edilen \u00f6\u011frenmeden mahrum b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. Bu proje, m\u00fchendislerinin neyin yanl\u0131\u015f gitti\u011fi ve nas\u0131l d\u00fczeltildi\u011fi konusunda \u015feffaf olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011ferli bir referanst\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          08 \u2014 S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/p>\n

          Kat\u0131 At\u0131k D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: On Soruya Cevap<\/h2>\n

          AB IED \/ Hollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesini planlayan kirlenmi\u015f toprak ar\u0131tma, tehlikeli at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi ve kat\u0131 at\u0131k kaynak geri kazan\u0131m tesislerindeki \u00e7evre izin y\u00f6neticileri, iyile\u015ftirme m\u00fchendisleri ve uyumluluk ekiplerinden gelen sorular.<\/p>\n

          \nS1. SDS k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi devreye al\u0131nd\u0131ktan hemen sonra neden ar\u0131zaland\u0131 ve nas\u0131l onar\u0131ld\u0131?<\/summary>\n
          Tasar\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde verilen ilk hammadde karakterizasyon verileri hatal\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082, HCl ve HF konsantrasyonlar\u0131, tasar\u0131m esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirtilenden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, SDS sodyum bikarbonat enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 ve sistem kapasitesi, ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in yetersiz kald\u0131. K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, devreye al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan itibaren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek kirletici konsantrasyon dalgalanmalar\u0131, sistem de\u015farj karars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ciddi ekipman a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden oldu. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu: (1) orijinal sodyum bikarbonat spesifikasyonundan daha y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 yakalama kapasitesine sahip y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 bir k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifine ge\u00e7i\u015f; (2) reaktif da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m homojenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in SDS enjeksiyon sisteminin iyile\u015ftirilmesi; (3) f\u0131r\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce gelen malzemeyi elemek i\u00e7in hammadde kabul testinin uygulanmas\u0131. D\u00fczeltilen sistem daha sonra 99.85% k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme ve 50 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 elde etti.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS2. SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme nedir ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 \u0131slak baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme y\u00f6nteminden fark\u0131 nedir?<\/summary>\n
          SDS (Kuru Sorbent Enjeksiyonu \/ Sodyum Bikarbonat Kuru Y\u0131kama), ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f sodyum bikarbonat\u0131 (NaHCO\u2083) veya kalsiyum bazl\u0131 sorbenti do\u011frudan s\u0131cak gaz ak\u0131m\u0131na (200\u2013300\u00b0C'de) enjekte eder. Sorbent termal olarak ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve gaz faz\u0131nda SO\u2082, HCl ve HF ile reaksiyona girerek kat\u0131 tuz reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (sodyum s\u00fclfat, sodyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum flor\u00fcr veya bunlar\u0131n kalsiyum e\u015fde\u011ferleri) olu\u015fturur. Bu kat\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fta bulunan torba filtre taraf\u0131ndan toplan\u0131r. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-jips \u0131slak FGD, SO\u2082'yi s\u0131v\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulamac\u0131na emer ve yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak jips \u00fcretir, b\u00f6ylece s\u00fcrekli bir s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k su ak\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Temel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar: SDS s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k \u00fcretmez (kirlenmi\u015f toprak uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir); SDS ayn\u0131 anda HCl ve HF'yi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r (\u0131slak FGD \u00f6ncelikle SO\u2082'yi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r); SDS kat\u0131 reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, potansiyel olarak tehlikeli kat\u0131 at\u0131k olarak karakterize edilmeli ve y\u00f6netilmelidir; Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 esasl\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) y\u00f6ntemi, genellikle yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak sat\u0131labilen al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretir. De\u011fi\u015fken bile\u015fimli kirlenmi\u015f toprak gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, SDS'nin s\u0131f\u0131r s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131k ve \u00e7oklu asit gaz\u0131 yakalama \u00f6zelli\u011fi belirleyici avantajlard\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS3. Kirlenmi\u015f topraklar\u0131n termal i\u015flemden kaynaklanan at\u0131k gazlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin AB IED ve Hollanda mevzuat gereklilikleri nelerdir?<\/summary>\n
          Kirlenmi\u015f topra\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlarda \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flenmesi, kirlenmi\u015f toprak at\u0131k hammaddesi olarak nitelendirildi\u011finden, AB IED 2010\/75\/EU B\u00f6l\u00fcm IV (At\u0131k Yakma ve Birlikte Yakma) kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmektedir. IED WID limitleri ge\u00e7erlidir: toz 20 mg\/Nm\u00b3, SO\u2082 80 mg\/Nm\u00b3, NOx 200 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (mevcut tesisler i\u00e7in saatlik ortalama <6 t\/saat) veya baz\u0131 konfig\u00fcrasyonlar i\u00e7in 400 mg\/Nm\u00b3, CO 50 mg\/Nm\u00b3, HCl 10 mg\/Nm\u00b3, HF 1 mg\/Nm\u00b3, dioksinler\/furanlar 0,1 ng TEQ\/Nm\u00b3. Hollanda'da, kirlenmi\u015f toprak \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleme tesisleri, \u00c7evre Kanunu (Omgevingswet) kapsam\u0131nda Omgevingsvergunning \u00e7evre izinleri gerektirir ve tesise \u00f6zg\u00fc limitler \u00c7evre Hizmetleri (Omgevingsdienst) taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. Not: Bu projede kullan\u0131lan HF tasar\u0131m limiti (60 mg\/Nm\u00b3), AB IED WID (1 mg\/Nm\u00b3) kapsam\u0131nda kabul edilemez; bu da projenin farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fczenleyici referansa g\u00f6re tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Herhangi bir AB\/Hollanda tesisinde ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama olarak IED WID HF limitinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir; bu da burada a\u00e7\u0131klanandan daha yetenekli bir asit gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi gerektirir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nSoru 4. Kirlenmi\u015f toprak d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n ar\u0131tma tesisi i\u00e7in hammadde karakterizasyonu nas\u0131l yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          Bu projeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli ders, de\u011fi\u015fken kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k at\u0131klar i\u00e7in bir ar\u0131tma sistemi tasarlarken tek noktal\u0131 veya s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6rnekli hammadde karakterizasyonunun yetersiz oldu\u011fudur. \u00d6nerilen yakla\u015f\u0131m: (1) \u0130\u015flenecek kaynak malzemelerinin t\u00fcm yelpazesini kapsayan, beklenen hammadde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en az 30 partisinden temsili \u00f6rnekler toplay\u0131n; (2) Her partinin tam laboratuvar analizini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirin, buna \u015funlar dahildir: toplam k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eri\u011fi (beklenen SO\u2082 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f), toplam klor\u00fcr (HCl ak\u0131\u015f\u0131), toplam flor\u00fcr (HF ak\u0131\u015f\u0131), a\u011f\u0131r metaller, TOC (CO ve dioksin potansiyelini etkileyen organik i\u00e7erik) ve nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi; (3) 30 \u00f6rnekli da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mdan her kirletici parametre i\u00e7in 95. y\u00fczdelik dilim konsantrasyonunu hesaplay\u0131n; (4) Tasar\u0131m temeli olarak ortalama veya en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen de\u011feri de\u011fil, 95. y\u00fczdelik dilim de\u011ferlerini kullan\u0131n; (5) \u00d6rneklenen aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki gelecekteki hammadde de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fini hesaba katmak i\u00e7in 95. y\u00fczdelik dilimin \u00fczerinde ek bir 20% g\u00fcvenlik marj\u0131 ekleyin. Bu karakterizasyon program\u0131 tipik olarak 2-3 ay s\u00fcrer ancak bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda belgelenen devreye alma sonras\u0131 ar\u0131za senaryosunu \u00f6nler.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS5. SCR neden torba filtrenin \u00f6n\u00fcne (s\u0131cak taraf) de\u011fil de arkas\u0131na (so\u011fuk taraf) yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir?<\/summary>\n
          D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131k gaz\u0131, f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 20 g\/Nm\u00b3 (20.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3) partik\u00fcl madde ta\u015f\u0131r; bu, tipik bir enerji santrali SCR giri\u015findeki toz y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu toz seviyesinde s\u0131cak tarafta SCR uygulamas\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r petek kanallar\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde t\u0131kayacak ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131racak, bu da mekanik olarak pratik olmamas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. So\u011fuk tarafta SCR'nin torba filtreden sonra (PM'yi \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren) yerle\u015ftirilmesi, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 toz partik\u00fcllerinden kaynaklanan mekanik tahribat olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, torba filtreden sonraki s\u0131cakl\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 220\u00b0C'dir ve bu da standart 350-400\u00b0C form\u00fclasyonu yerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 bir SCR kataliz\u00f6r form\u00fclasyonu gerektirir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR kataliz\u00f6rleri (200-300\u00b0C \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in modifiye edilmi\u015f form\u00fclasyonlara sahip vanadyum\/tungsten\/titanyum bazl\u0131) ticari olarak mevcuttur ve bu kurulumda elde edilen 50% NOx verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS6. SDS prosesi kat\u0131 reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, AB tehlikeli at\u0131k y\u00f6netmelikleri kapsam\u0131nda nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilir?<\/summary>\n
          SDS reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (sodyum\/kalsiyum s\u00fclfat, sodyum klor\u00fcr, sodyum flor\u00fcr ve kirlenmi\u015f topraktan \u00e7\u0131kan gazdan emilen a\u011f\u0131r metaller veya organik bile\u015fikler), herhangi bir bertaraf veya yeniden kullan\u0131m yolu onaylanmadan \u00f6nce, AB At\u0131k \u00c7er\u00e7eve Direktifi (2008\/98\/EC) uyar\u0131nca TCLP s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 testi (EN 12457) kullan\u0131larak karakterize edilmelidir. Kirlenmi\u015f toprak i\u015fleme ba\u011flam\u0131nda, reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin, kat\u0131 at\u0131\u011f\u0131 Avrupa At\u0131k Katalo\u011fu ayna giri\u015f kodlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tehlikeli at\u0131k olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131ran konsantrasyonlarda emilen a\u011f\u0131r metaller (kur\u015fun, \u00e7inko, krom, c\u0131va ve toprak kirlili\u011finden di\u011ferleri) i\u00e7ermesi muhtemeldir. Transfer, Hollanda tehlikeli at\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6netmeliklerine g\u00f6re Tehlikeli At\u0131k Sevk Belgesi ile birlikte yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bertaraf, sertifikal\u0131 bir ar\u0131tma tesisinde lisansl\u0131 bir tehlikeli at\u0131k y\u00fcklenicisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. Olu\u015fan tehlikeli kat\u0131 at\u0131k miktar\u0131, tesisin Omgevingsdienst'e sundu\u011fu y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7evre izin uyumluluk raporunda bildirilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS7. AB IED kapsam\u0131nda kirlenmi\u015f toprak termal ar\u0131tma tesisi i\u00e7in hangi CEMS izleme \u00f6nlemleri gereklidir?<\/summary>\n
          AB IED B\u00f6l\u00fcm IV'e g\u00f6re at\u0131k yakma tesislerinde s\u00fcrekli emisyon izleme gereklidir: toplam toz, CO, SO\u2082, NOx, HCl, HF, TOC, O\u2082, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve su i\u00e7eri\u011fi. Dioksinler\/furanlar (0,1 ng TEQ\/Nm\u00b3 limiti) periyodik olarak (en az y\u0131lda 2 kez, akredite bir laboratuvar taraf\u0131ndan 6-8 saatlik \u00f6rnekleme) \u00f6rneklenmelidir. A\u011f\u0131r metaller (Cd+Tl, Hg ve di\u011ferlerinin toplam\u0131) periyodik olarak \u00f6rneklenmelidir. CEMS kurulumu EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standard\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve yar\u0131m saatlik ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama de\u011ferlerin ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 iletimi i\u00e7in Hollanda yetkili makam\u0131n\u0131n izleme platformuna ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincil yanma odas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlemesine (s\u00fcrekli, s\u0131cakl\u0131k 2 saniyeden fazla 1100\u00b0C'nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferse otomatik yak\u0131t ayarlama kilidi ile) ve dioksin\/furan h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma performans\u0131 izlemesine \u00f6zel dikkat g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS8. Torba filtre, so\u011futma sistemi ar\u0131zalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l korunmaktad\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          Torba filtre, \u2264260\u00b0C'de s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in derecelendirilmi\u015ftir; bu da normal 250\u00b0C giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca 10\u00b0C \u00fczerinde bir tolerans sa\u011flar. S\u0131cakl\u0131k korumas\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 gerektirir: (1) Is\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve torba filtre giri\u015finde s\u00fcrekli s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, alarm ayar noktalar\u0131yla birlikte kontrol odas\u0131 SCADA sistemine iletilmesi; (2) 250\u00b0C'de (normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit) torba filtre giri\u015finde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k alarm\u0131 verilmesi (so\u011futma sisteminin incelenmesini tetikler); (3) 260\u00b0C'de otomatik f\u0131r\u0131n yak\u0131t debisi azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya baypas damperinin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131, gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha fazla y\u00fckselmesini \u00f6nler; (4) Acil durum s\u0131cakl\u0131k olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131cak gaz\u0131 do\u011frudan cebri \u00e7eki\u015f fan\u0131na ve bacaya (torba filtreden ge\u00e7meden) y\u00f6nlendiren acil durum torba filtre baypas yolu, yeri doldurulamaz torba kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 termal hasardan korumak i\u00e7in k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir uyumluluk a\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kabul eder; (5) So\u011futma suyu sisteminin ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131zlar\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fc kirlenmesi ve vana i\u015flevselli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayl\u0131k olarak incelenmesi.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS9. Hollanda'da kirlenmi\u015f topraklar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in bir tesisin \u00e7evresel izin s\u00fcreci nas\u0131ld\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          Hollanda'daki kirlenmi\u015f toprak termal ar\u0131tma tesisleri, \u00c7evre Yasas\u0131 (Omgevingswet) kapsam\u0131nda, at\u0131k yakma i\u00e7in AB IED B\u00f6l\u00fcm IV'\u00fcn gerekliliklerini i\u00e7eren bir \u00c7evre \u0130zni (Omgevingsvergunning) gerektirir. \u0130zin ba\u015fvurusunda \u015funlar yer almal\u0131d\u0131r: Avrupa At\u0131k Katalo\u011fu kodlar\u0131 ve bile\u015fim karakterizasyonu ile t\u00fcm at\u0131k hammadde ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131; IED WID ile uyumlu \u00f6nerilen emisyon limit de\u011ferleri; CEMS plan\u0131; izleme ve raporlama program\u0131; ar\u0131tma sisteminden \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm kat\u0131 at\u0131klar i\u00e7in tehlikeli at\u0131k y\u00f6netim plan\u0131; anormal i\u015fletme ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in acil durum plan\u0131; ve ar\u0131tma kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 bertaraf yolu i\u00e7in karakterizasyon ve risk de\u011ferlendirmesi. Yetkili makam (il \u00c7evre Hizmetleri), kapasite e\u015fiklerinin \u00fczerindeki yeni tesisler i\u00e7in \u00c7evresel Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi (MER\/\u00c7ED) isteyebilir. \u0130zin verilen hammaddeler i\u00e7in at\u0131k kabul kriterleri (WAC), onaylanm\u0131\u015f izin belgelerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmal\u0131 ve gelen malzeme testleri yoluyla uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS10. Kat\u0131 at\u0131k d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n SDS + torba filtre + d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k SCR sistemleri i\u00e7in yerinde inceleme yap\u0131labilecek referans kurulumlar mevcut mu?<\/summary>\n
          Evet. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan entegre SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme, darbeli jet torba filtre ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR denitrifikasyon teknolojisi, burada belgelenen kurulum da dahil olmak \u00fczere, kat\u0131 at\u0131k kapsaml\u0131 i\u015fleme ve kirlenmi\u015f toprak termal ar\u0131tma tesislerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitelikli potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in referans ziyaretleri d\u00fczenlenebilir; bu ziyaretler, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f uyumluluk izleme verilerine ve devreye alma sonras\u0131 y\u00fckseltme dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131na eri\u015fimi de i\u00e7erir ve bu da bu kurulumu, ilk karakterizasyon verilerinin belirsiz olabilece\u011fi projeler i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferli bir referans haline getirir. L\u00fctfen referans dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmek veya ar\u0131tma sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z kesinle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6nerilen \u00f6zel hammadde karakterizasyon program\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ileti\u015fim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          G\u00fcvenilir bir kat\u0131 at\u0131k de\u015farj gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi tasarlamaya haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

          End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin T\u00fcm Yelpazesini Ke\u015ffedin<\/h2>\n

          Kat\u0131 at\u0131k d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in SDS kuru k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 SCR'den End\u00fcstriyel VOC azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in rejeneratif termal oksidasyon sistemleri<\/a>M\u00fchendislik ekibimiz, karma\u015f\u0131k at\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi muhafazakar tasar\u0131m marjlar\u0131yla AB IED uyumlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

          Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Talep Edin \u2192<\/a>
          \n          T\u00fcm Emisyon Kontrol Teknolojilerini Ke\u015ffedin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

          <\/p>\n