{"id":3095,"date":"2026-06-16T09:03:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/?p=3095"},"modified":"2026-06-16T09:03:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T09:03:11","slug":"sncrscr-kombine-denitrifikasyon-ve-kirectasi-alci-kukurt-giderme-islemi-enerji-bataryasi-lityum-karbonat-doner-firin-baca-gazi-icin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/tr\/basvuru\/sncrscr-kombine-denitrifikasyon-ve-kirectasi-alci-kukurt-giderme-islemi-enerji-bataryasi-lityum-karbonat-doner-firin-baca-gazi-icin\/","title":{"rendered":"SNCR+SCR Kombine Denitrifikasyon ve Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme \u0130\u015flemi ile G\u00fc\u00e7 Bataryas\u0131 Lityum Karbonat D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Gaz\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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<\/p>\n
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Vaka \u0130ncelemesi \u00b7 End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol\u00fc<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 lideri, d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n lityum karbonat \u00fcretim at\u0131k gaz\u0131ndan, SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, SNCR+SCR+kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD+kire\u00e7 ar\u0131tma sistemini kullanarak, SNCR+SCR kombinasyonlu azot giderme verimlili\u011fini ,5% ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fini ,9%'ye nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131? Bu sistem, batarya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lityum karbonat sinterleme at\u0131k gaz\u0131 kimyas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fine uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7 Bataryas\u0131 D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n At\u0131k Gaz\u0131<\/span>
\nSNCR+SCR Kombine Denitrifikasyon<\/span>
\nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi<\/span>
\nLityum Karbonat Sinterleme<\/span>
\nUltra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Pil End\u00fcstrisi Emisyonu<\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
97.9%<\/div>\n
K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme<\/div>\n
Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderimi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
81.5%<\/div>\n
Denitrifikasyon<\/div>\n
SNCR+SCR Kombine<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
120,000<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3\/h<\/div>\n
Standart Baca Gaz\u0131 (hat ba\u015f\u0131na)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
12.000'e kadar<\/div>\n
mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 tepe noktas\u0131<\/div>\n
En Zorlu FGD Ko\u015fulu<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

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01 \u2014 Sekt\u00f6r Hakk\u0131nda Bilgiler<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7 Bataryas\u0131 Lityum Karbonat \u00dcretimi: Zorlu Emisyon Sorunlar\u0131yla Kar\u015f\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131ya Olan H\u0131zla B\u00fcy\u00fcyen Bir Sekt\u00f6r<\/h2>\n

Lityum karbonat, lityum pil \u00fcretiminde temel bir hammaddedir. Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve \u015febeke \u00f6l\u00e7ekli enerji depolama sistemlerinin geni\u015flemesiyle k\u00fcresel talep h\u0131zla artmaktad\u0131r; \u00fcretim 2014'te 4,1 ton\/y\u0131ldan 2022'de 39,5 milyon tona y\u00fckselmi\u015f olup, y\u0131ll\u0131k bile\u015fik b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 1 TP3T'dir. Projeksiyonlar, 2025'te 110 milyon ton kapasiteye ve 2023'te 51,79 milyon ton fiili \u00fcretime (y\u0131ll\u0131k ,11 TP3T b\u00fcy\u00fcme) i\u015faret etmektedir. Elektrikli ara\u00e7 pazarlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam ettik\u00e7e, pil s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lityum karbonat \u00fcretim kapasitesi gereksinimleri artacak ve \u00fcretim tesislerine ve ilgili \u00e7evresel uyumluluk altyap\u0131s\u0131na daha fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki i\u015fletme, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6nde gelen g\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 \u015firketlerinden biri ve g\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 end\u00fcstri zincirinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan az say\u0131daki \u015firketten biridir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yerel borsada ve 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130svi\u00e7re Borsas\u0131'nda \u0130svi\u00e7re'nin ilk g\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 \u015firketi olarak halka arz edilen i\u015fletmenin ana faaliyet alan\u0131, mobilite uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in lityum bataryalar, enerji depolama sistemleri ve g\u00fc\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda duyurulan \"kat\u0131 hal bataryas\u0131\" \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, 3.500 Wh\/kg enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve 800 Wh\/L hacimsel enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu ile 30.000 d\u00f6ng\u00fcl\u00fck hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fc ve 300.000 km'yi a\u015fan teorik menzile sahiptir. \u0130\u015fletme ayr\u0131ca y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 100.000 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u00fcnitesi \u00fcretmektedir.<\/p>\n

Lityum karbonat \u00fcretimi, lityum i\u00e7eren ham maddeleri (esas olarak mika t\u00fcrevli lityum tuzlar\u0131) pil s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 lityum karbonata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n sinterleme y\u00f6ntemini kullan\u0131r. Sinterleme kimyas\u0131, s\u00fclfat ve karbonat bile\u015fiklerinin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta reaksiyonunu i\u00e7erir ve bu da geleneksel end\u00fcstriyel kazanlar\u0131n veya enerji santrallerinin konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u015fan SO\u2082 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na neden olur. Lityum karbonata olan pazar talebi artt\u0131k\u00e7a ve \u00fcretim tesisleri b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e, d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n sinterlemesi i\u00e7in baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi kritik bir uyumluluk ve operasyonel darbo\u011faz haline gelir. Bu proje, ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon hedeflerine ula\u015fmak ve tesisin ye\u015fil kalk\u0131nma \u00f6zelliklerini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD'yi SNCR+SCR denitrifikasyonu ile birle\u015ftirerek kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"K\u00fcresel<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

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02 \u2014 Kirlilik Profili<\/p>\n

Lityum Karbonat D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Gaz\u0131: En \u00d6nemli Zorluk Olarak A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 SO\u2082 De\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi<\/h2>\n

Tesis, her biri siklon toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 + so\u011futma \u00fcnitesi + torba filtreli toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcretim hatt\u0131 i\u015fletmektedir ve lityum karbonat pil malzemesinin sinterlenmesinden kaynaklanan baca gaz\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemektedir. F\u0131r\u0131n do\u011fal gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretim hatt\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na standart baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 120.000 Nm\u00b3\/saattir (i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, 150\u00b0C'de 185.897 Nm\u00b3\/saat). So\u011futmadan sonra baca gaz\u0131, FGD sisteminde toplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lityum karbonat d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131n\u0131n belirleyici \u00f6zelli\u011fi, SO\u2082 konsantrasyonunun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fidir. Sinterleme reaksiyon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda, lityum s\u00fclfat bile\u015fikleri ayr\u0131\u015farak SO\u2082 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r: k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme emiciye giren ortalama SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr, ancak tepe konsantrasyonlar\u0131 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e ula\u015fabilirken, temel seviyeler yakla\u015f\u0131k 12% oksijen d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f konsantrasyonda yakla\u015f\u0131k 809 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NOx civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Temel seviye ile tepe seviye aras\u0131nda 10:1'lik SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu de\u011fi\u015fimi (yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e), baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin tepe ko\u015fulu i\u00e7in tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda temel ve orta aral\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde istikrarl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesini korumas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parametre<\/th>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bKonsantrasyonu<\/th>\nTasar\u0131m Ma\u011fazas\u0131<\/th>\nAB IED \/ NER S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
NOx (NO\u2082 olarak)<\/td>\n809 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (12% O\u2082'de, temel amonyak i\u00e7eri\u011fi 12%)<\/td>\n\u2264150 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED 2010\/75\/EU: 150 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SO\u2082 (FGD giri\u015findeki ortalama)<\/td>\nOrtalama 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3; en y\u00fcksek de\u011fer 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nHollanda Faaliyetleri Kararnamesi NER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Partik\u00fcl madde (PM)<\/td>\n658 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226430 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nHollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi NER \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HCl<\/td>\n3,7 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED BAT \u226410 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HF<\/td>\n6,74 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u22646 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED BAT \u22641 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asit sisi (pus)<\/td>\n191 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n\u226420 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED BAT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standart baca gaz\u0131 (hat ba\u015f\u0131na)<\/td>\n120.000 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proses baca gaz\u0131 (hat ba\u015f\u0131na)<\/td>\n150\u00b0C'de 185.897 Nm\u00b3\/h<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCR baca gaz\u0131 hacmi<\/td>\n273.846 Nm\u00b3\/sa (2 hat birle\u015ftirildi)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n380\u2013420\u00b0C (SCR\/SNCR kurulum noktas\u0131nda)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca tasar\u0131m zorlu\u011fu:<\/strong> Ortalama 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ve tepe noktas\u0131nda 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 olan SO\u2082, tipik bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 enerji santrali baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin maksimum giri\u015f konsantrasyonunun yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 kat\u0131 bir giri\u015f konsantrasyonunu temsil eder. 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck tepe noktas\u0131, \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konsantrasyonuna (tepe noktas\u0131nda ,2% giderme verimlili\u011fi) ula\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131yla birle\u015fti\u011finde, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeye dayanacak \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu durum, sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck emici kulelere, y\u00fcksek s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boranlar\u0131na ve muhafazakar kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt stokiyometrik oranlar\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011furur.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

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03 \u2014 Tedavi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n

\u00c7ift Hatl\u0131 Ar\u0131tma Mimarisi: F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda SNCR + SCR + Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme + Kire\u00e7le K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme<\/h2>\n

Proje, iki d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcretim hatt\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Her hat i\u00e7in ar\u0131tma sistemi \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir: siklon \u00f6n toz giderme \u2192 gaz so\u011futma \u2192 torba filtre toz giderme \u2192 baca gaz\u0131 toplama \u2192 SNCR+SCR denitrifikasyon \u2192 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD \u2192 kire\u00e7 son k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme. Bu iyile\u015ftirme, ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon uyumlulu\u011funu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in mevcut d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcretim hatt\u0131na bir SCR denitrifikasyon \u00fcnitesi ve bir kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 + kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 (kire\u00e7) k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi eklenerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Tesisin arka taraf\u0131ndaki ikinci \u00fcretim hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in, SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak bir kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi devreye al\u0131n\u0131rken, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck saat ortalamalar\u0131 t\u00fcm parametrelerde uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda SNCR Denitrifikasyonu (380\u2013420\u00b0C B\u00f6lgesi)<\/h3>\n

SCR sisteminin kurulum yeri, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 380\u2013420\u00b0C'de tutuldu\u011fu d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok t\u00fcpl\u00fc toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ve SO\u2082 i\u00e7eri\u011fi 4.600 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funda, orta s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 bir SCR kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131labilir. SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7 kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc, 2+1 katmanl\u0131 bir konfig\u00fcrasyonla (2 aktif katman + 1 yedek katman) tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ndirgeyici madde amonyakl\u0131 sudur ve \u00f6n u\u00e7 SNCR, tek nozullu bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme sistemi kullan\u0131r. \u00d6n u\u00e7 SNCR, denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011finin denitrifikasyon hedefini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder. K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k miktarlar\u0131 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i izleme de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re ayarlanarak, kararl\u0131 ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck baca gaz\u0131 emisyonu de\u015farj\u0131 elde edilir.<\/p>\n

SCR Reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Temel Parametreleri<\/h3>\n

Baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 273.846 m\u00b3\/sa (2 hat birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f); baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 SCR'de 350\u00b0C; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bNOx 809 mg\/Nm\u00b3; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bPM 658 mg\/Nm\u00b3; ger\u00e7ek O\u2082 \u226415,2%; NOx \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 150 mg\/Nm\u00b3; kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6zenek say\u0131s\u0131 18; kataliz\u00f6r g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fi 72,59%; kataliz\u00f6r katmanlar\u0131 2+1 (1 yedek katman); katman ba\u015f\u0131na kataliz\u00f6r mod\u00fcl\u00fc 12; toplam kataliz\u00f6r hacmi 31,104 m\u00b3; tasar\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 230\u00b0C; maksimum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 350\u00b0C; minimum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 200\u00b0C; \u00fcre enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 111,919 kg\/sa; denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fi 88%; amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u22643 ppm; bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u2264600 Pa; Kurum temizleme y\u00f6ntemi: darbeli jet \u00fcfleme.<\/p>\n

\"SNCR<\/p>\n

Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Emici Kulesi (\u03c64,4 m, 120.000 m\u00b3\/h)<\/h3>\n

Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesi, sistemdeki en a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fcke maruz kalan ekipmand\u0131r ve ortalama 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3, en y\u00fcksek de\u011ferde ise 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 almaktad\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (99,2% giderme verimlili\u011fi) elde etmek i\u00e7in kule, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 olan 30 ve 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 ile tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temel parametreler: kule ba\u015f\u0131na baca gaz\u0131 hacmi 120.000 m\u00b3\/h; baca gaz\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 150\u00b0C; SO\u2082 giri\u015fi 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3; SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3; kalsiyum-k\u00fck\u00fcrt oran\u0131 1,1; gaz h\u0131z\u0131 <3,5 m\/s; kule i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 \u03c64,4 m; s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 30; 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131; tek pompa ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 900 m\u00b3\/h; \u00c7amur \u00e7\u00f6kelme s\u00fcresi 6 saat; kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015fletme t\u00fcketimi 718 kg\/saat (maksimum); al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi 1.488 kg\/saat (maksimum); al\u00e7\u0131 nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u226415%; sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar: 2 katmanl\u0131 elek sis ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131; ara kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama kapasitesi 50 m\u00b3; 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi.<\/p>\n

\"G\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n

S\u00fcre\u00e7 Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00d6zeti<\/h3>\n
\n
\n
D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n
\n380\u2013420\u00b0C<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
SNCR \u2b50
\nNH\u2083 enjeksiyonu
\n900\u00b0C b\u00f6lgesi<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
Siklon
\n\u00d6n toz alma<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
So\u011futma +
\nTorba Filtre<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
SCR \u2b50
\n350\u00b0C
\n2+1 katman<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
FGD \u2b50
\n\u03c64.4 m
\n97.9% SO\u2082<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
Limon \u2b50
\nOdak grup g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi sonras\u0131<\/div>\n
\u2192<\/div>\n
IDF Hayran\u0131
\n\u2192 Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u2b50 Bu projede yeni veya geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ekipmanlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Ekipman Parametrelerine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Te\u00e7hizat<\/th>\nTemel \u00d6zellikler<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hava ak\u0131m\u0131na maruz kalan taraftar<\/td>\n220.000 m\u00b3\/sa; 5.000 Pa; 250\u2013300\u00b0C; \u00fcnite ba\u015f\u0131na 335 kW; 50 Hz de\u011fi\u015fken h\u0131z<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/td>\n273.846 m\u00b3\/sa; 350\u00b0C; 2+1 kataliz\u00f6r katman\u0131; 31.104 m\u00b3 kataliz\u00f6r; 88% NOx verimlili\u011fi; \u22643 ppm NH\u2083 ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FGD emici kulesi<\/td>\n\u00c7ap 4,4 m; 120.000 m\u00b3\/saat; L\/G=30; 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131; 900 m\u00b3\/saat pompa; 718 kg\/saat kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131; 1.488 kg\/saat al\u00e7\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi (maks.)<\/td>\n1.488 kg\/saat; nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u226415%; ticari olarak yeniden kullan\u0131labilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolama<\/td>\n50 m\u00b3; maksimum t\u00fcketimde 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck otonomi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maksimum sistem g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>\n1.047,52 kW fiili; 1.186,67 kW toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti (8.000 saat)<\/td>\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 301,7 on bin RMB'ye e\u015fde\u011fer (0,36 RMB\/kWh fiyat\u0131ndan).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k su maliyeti<\/td>\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 8,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (5,5 ton\/saat; 2 RMB\/ton)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u0131ll\u0131k kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 maliyeti<\/td>\nYakla\u015f\u0131k 172,32 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (718 kg\/saat; 300 RMB\/ton)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
\n

<\/p>\n

\n

04 \u2014 Temel Avantajlar<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 \u0130\u00e7erikli Lityum Karbonat F\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in SNCR+SCR Kombine Denitrifikasyon ve Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Jips Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Sisteminin Do\u011fru Mimari Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Sebebi Nedir?<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \nY\u00fcksek S\u0131cakl\u0131k F\u0131r\u0131n B\u00f6lgesinde SNCR, Kombine Denitrifikasyon Verimlili\u011fini En \u00dcst D\u00fczeye \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131r:<\/strong> D\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki SNCR enjeksiyon pozisyonu (850\u20131.100\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011fu yer), kataliz\u00f6rs\u00fcz verimli termal NOx ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. SNCR, gaz SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fcne girmeden \u00f6nce NOx y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak SCR giri\u015findeki toplam NOx y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r. Bu SNCR \u00f6n indirgeme i\u015flemi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fta bulunan SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, kataliz\u00f6r hacmi ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle \u200b\u200b(SCR'nin tek ba\u015f\u0131na giri\u015f NOx y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemesi durumunda elde edilemeyecek bir verimlilikle) toplam 81,5% birle\u015fik denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fine (809 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten \u2264150 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e) ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \n350\u00b0C'de Orta S\u0131cakl\u0131kta SCR Uygulamas\u0131 M\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011falgaz F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n SCR Giri\u015finde SO\u2082 Bulunmamaktad\u0131r:<\/strong> SCR reakt\u00f6r\u00fc, gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 350\u2013380\u00b0C oldu\u011fu ve -kritik olarak- sinterleme reaksiyonundan kaynaklanan SO\u2082'nin hen\u00fcz gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na tamamen girmedi\u011fi (veya yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f toz toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131smen uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00e7ok t\u00fcpl\u00fc toz toplay\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fal gaz yak\u0131t\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7ermedi\u011finden, SO\u2082 tamamen bir sinterleme kimyas\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. SCR yerle\u015fimi, amonyum bis\u00fclfat zehirlenmesi olmadan orta s\u0131cakl\u0131k kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc kullanmak i\u00e7in SO\u2082 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu noktadan \u00f6nceki zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirir. Bu durum, standart bir SCR kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131nda tahrip edecek olan FGD giri\u015finin (SO\u2082'nin ortalama 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 konsantrasyonunda oldu\u011fu yer) aksine bir durumdur.<\/li>\n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \n30 L\/G oran\u0131 ve 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 ile 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ortalamadan 97,9% FGD giderimi elde edilir:<\/strong> Standart enerji santrali baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda, 1.000\u20133.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in 8\u201315 L\/G oranlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Lityum karbonat f\u0131r\u0131nl\u0131 FGD kulesi, tipik 3 yerine 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131yla, standart enerji santrali oran\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan fazla olan L\/G=30 oran\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 ve ek p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme temas\u0131n\u0131n bu kombinasyonu, 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ortalama giri\u015ften 97,9% k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme elde etmek i\u00e7in gereken uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f emme bekleme s\u00fcresini sa\u011flarken, 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f limiti i\u00e7inde kalmak i\u00e7in 99,2% gidermenin gerekli oldu\u011fu 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 tepe ko\u015fulu i\u00e7in yeterli performans marj\u0131n\u0131 korur.<\/li>\n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \n\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i \u0130zleme Tabanl\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Katman\u0131 Kontrol\u00fc, SO\u2082 De\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011finin T\u00fcm Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Reaktif T\u00fcketimini Optimize Eder:<\/strong> K\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kulesi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131, hem baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) giri\u015finden hem de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i SO\u2082 izleme verilerine g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r. Temel SO\u2082 d\u00f6nemlerinde (giri\u015f, 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funda), daha az p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirilir, bu da pompa enerji t\u00fcketimini ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulama\u00e7 sirk\u00fclasyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. En y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 olaylar\u0131nda, 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda etkinle\u015ftirilir. Bu dinamik p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, ger\u00e7ek SO\u2082 y\u00fck\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak 4 tabakan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak maksimum ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya k\u0131yasla y\u0131ll\u0131k enerji ve reaktif maliyetini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \nSaatte 1.488 kg (maksimum) al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011frudan ticari de\u011feri vard\u0131r:<\/strong> Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00fcksek al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretim h\u0131z\u0131 (maksimum 1.488 kg\/saat, ortalama 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonunu yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r) bu baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemini \u00f6nemli bir al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcreticisi haline getirmektedir. \u226415% nem i\u00e7eri\u011finde, al\u00e7\u0131, klor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011fi EN 13279-1 spesifikasyon limiti i\u00e7inde ise, in\u015faat malzemesi yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 (duvar paneli altl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7imento katk\u0131 maddesi) i\u00e7in kalite \u015fartnamesini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemini sadece bir uyumluluk maliyet merkezi olmaktan ziyade, de\u011fer \u00fcreten bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u00fcreci olarak konumland\u0131rmakta ve 718 kg\/saat kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 reaktif maliyetini al\u00e7\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f gelirleriyle k\u0131smen dengelemektedir.<\/li>\n
  • \u2713<\/span>
    \nKire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-Al\u00e7\u0131 Baca Gaz\u0131 K\u00fck\u00fcrt Giderme Tasar\u0131m Prensiplerinin Uygulanmas\u0131: Lityum Karbonat Uygulamalar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Yedi Avantaj:<\/strong> Bu uygulama i\u00e7in kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 prosesi, enerji santrali uygulamalar\u0131nda do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f ayn\u0131 yedi prensip nedeniyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir: (1) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji t\u00fcketimi ve i\u015fletme maliyeti; (2) ikincil kirlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7madan y\u00f6netilebilen al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc; (3) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alan kaplama ve rasyonel ak\u0131\u015f tasar\u0131m\u0131; (4) bilgisayar sim\u00fclasyonu ile optimize edilmi\u015f tasar\u0131m; (5) d\u00fczg\u00fcn emilim i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015f gaz h\u0131z\u0131; (6) kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 hammaddesinin yayg\u0131n olarak temin edilmesi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli olmas\u0131; (7) kule duvar\u0131nda birikmeyi azaltmak i\u00e7in ters ak\u0131m p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme ve sis gidericiler kullanan kule i\u00e7 aksamlar\u0131. Bu prensipler, lityum karbonat d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nl\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) sistemlerine do\u011frudan uygulanabilir ve binlerce enerji santrali FGD kurulumundan elde edilen i\u015fletme deneyimi, sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve sorun giderme i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bilgi taban\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    05 \u2014 Operasyonel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n

    Do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f Uyumluluk Verileri ve Y\u0131ll\u0131k Maliyet \u00d6zeti<\/h2>\n
    \n
    \n
    \u2264150<\/div>\n
    mg\/Nm\u00b3 NOx \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n
    81.5% SNCR+SCR<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \u2264100<\/div>\n
    mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n
    97.9% FGD<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \u226430<\/div>\n
    mg\/Nm\u00b3 PM \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/div>\n
    Tasar\u0131m hedefi kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    1.047 kW<\/div>\n
    ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/div>\n
    (Maksimum kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 1.186 kW)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \"Enerji<\/p>\n

    Maksimum sistem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc: 1.047,52 kW (ger\u00e7ek). Y\u0131ll\u0131k 8.000 saat ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh e\u015fde\u011ferinde, y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 301,7 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feridir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k su maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (5,5 t\/saat, 2 RMB\/t). Y\u0131ll\u0131k kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 maliyeti: yakla\u015f\u0131k 172,32 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (300 RMB\/t'de 718 kg\/saat). Maksimum 1.488 kg\/saat \u00fcretimle elde edilen al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn geliri, bu reaktif maliyetlerini k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    06 \u2014 Uygulama Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

    Lityum Karbonat D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Kritik M\u00fchendislik Hususlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \n\u00dcretim hatt\u0131ndaki i\u015flem ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f SO\u2082 konsantrasyonundaki dalgalanmalar, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fini etkilemesine neden olur; bu da ba\u015fl\u0131ca risktir:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131ca operasyonel risk, yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f prosesindeki dalgalanmalar\u0131n SO\u2082 konsantrasyonunda de\u011fi\u015fikliklere neden olarak FGD sistemini a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenme durumuna sokmas\u0131 ve sistem de\u015farj\u0131nda \u200b\u200bistikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 tepe SO\u2082 konsantrasyonu ve 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ortalama konsantrasyon ile FGD, tipik bir enerji santrali ko\u015fulunun \u00fczerindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmeye zaten dayanacak \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 tasar\u0131m tepe de\u011ferinin \u00fczerindeki herhangi bir ek SO\u2082 art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sistemi ger\u00e7ek bir uyumsuzlu\u011fa itebilir. Hem FGD giri\u015finde (emilimden \u00f6nce) hem de \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (emilimden sonra) SO\u2082 izlemesi uygulay\u0131n ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131 kontrol\u00fcne ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 geri bildirim sa\u011flay\u0131n; ayr\u0131ca sinterleme kimyas\u0131n\u0131 ve SO\u2082 sal\u0131n\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen herhangi bir i\u015fletme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce \u00fcretim ekibinden \u00f6nceden bildirim al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir protokol olu\u015fturun.<\/li>\n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \nD\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nda SNCR nozulunun konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 dikkat gerektirir; f\u0131r\u0131n duvar\u0131ndaki a\u015f\u0131nma esas olarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015fmadan kaynaklan\u0131r ve baca gaz\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn t\u0131kanmas\u0131na kolayca neden olabilecek y\u00fcksek miktarda toz i\u00e7erir:<\/strong> Proje deneyimi, SNCR'ye \u00f6zg\u00fc iki riski a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r: (1) d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki enjeksiyon boru hatt\u0131 dikkatlice ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r - f\u0131r\u0131n duvar\u0131na yap\u0131\u015fma esas olarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden kaynaklan\u0131r ve termal d\u00f6ng\u00fcye dayanabilen nozul malzemeleri ve kurulum y\u00f6ntemleri gerektirir; (2) SNCR enjeksiyon noktas\u0131ndaki baca gaz\u0131 y\u00fcksek toz y\u00fck\u00fc i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fta bulunan SCR kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc partik\u00fcller taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131kanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r. SCR kurum \u00fcfleme sistemi (darbeli jet \u00fcfleme), devreye alma g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren kalibre edilmi\u015f frekansta \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve 6 ay sonraki ilk kataliz\u00f6r muayenesi, t\u0131kanma oran\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilebilir s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kataliz\u00f6r katmanlar\u0131nda kapsaml\u0131 bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/li>\n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \nSNCR denitrifikasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir; ideal denitrifikasyon verimlili\u011fine ancak uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131labilir:<\/strong> SNCR enjeksiyon noktas\u0131nda, etkili termal NOx ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gaz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 850\u20131100\u00b0C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. 850\u00b0C'nin alt\u0131nda, NOx-NH\u2083 termal reaksiyonu etkili indirgeme i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r; 1100\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerinde ise amonyak, NOx'i indirgemek yerine oksitlenerek ilave NOx olu\u015fturur. SNCR enjeksiyon noktas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak izlenmeli ve enjeksiyon b\u00f6lgesindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimlerini telafi etmek i\u00e7in amonyakl\u0131 su ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n kesiti boyunca d\u00fczensiz bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (de\u011fi\u015fken besleme h\u0131z\u0131na sahip d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r), ayn\u0131 anda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturarak etkili SNCR giderme verimlili\u011fini azaltabilir.<\/li>\n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcketim oran\u0131 (maksimum 718 kg\/saat), g\u00fcvenilir tedarik zinciri y\u00f6netimi ve yeterli tesis i\u00e7i depolama gerektirmektedir:<\/strong> Saatte 718 kg'l\u0131k maksimum kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcketimi ve 50 m\u00b3'l\u00fck tesis i\u00e7i depolama kapasitesi (7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6zerklik) ile kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 tedarik zincirinin g\u00fcvenilir bir haftal\u0131k tedarik sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolamas\u0131n\u0131 minimum i\u015fletme seviyesinin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren herhangi bir tedarik kesintisi, SO\u2082 ar\u0131tma kapasitesinde azalmaya yol a\u00e7arak saatler i\u00e7inde uyumluluk riski olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Garantili teslimat s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulay\u0131n, otomatik sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015fini tetikleyen minimum envanter tetikleme seviyesini (\u00f6rne\u011fin 3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck kalan stok) koruyun ve tedarik kesintisi olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme oran\u0131 azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in acil durum prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belgeleyin.<\/li>\n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \nBaca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) bulamac\u0131n\u0131n pH de\u011feri ve kalsiyum s\u00fclfit oksidasyonu, kire\u00e7lenmeyi \u00f6nlemek ve al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesini korumak i\u00e7in aktif olarak y\u00f6netilmelidir:<\/strong> Bu uygulamadaki y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 giri\u015f konsantrasyonlar\u0131nda, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, enerji santrali FGD uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oranlarda s\u00fclfit ve s\u00fclfat biriktirir. pH y\u00f6netim aral\u0131klar\u0131 kritiktir: birincil y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 sirk\u00fclasyon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn pH'\u0131 4,5'in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bulama\u00e7 ekleyin ve pH'\u0131 4,5-5,5 aras\u0131nda tutun; ikincil y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 sirk\u00fclasyon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn pH'\u0131 5,5'in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bulama\u00e7 ekleyin ve pH'\u0131 5,5-6,5 aras\u0131nda tutun. Kalsiyum s\u00fclfitin jips'e oksidasyonu i\u00e7in yeterli hava beslemesi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla oksidasyon fan\u0131 s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r; eksik oksidasyon, susuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilen ve nem oran\u0131 \u226415% olan filtrelenebilir jips kristalleri yerine emicide kalsiyum s\u00fclfit kire\u00e7lenmesine neden olur.<\/li>\n
    • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
      \nY\u00fcksek SO\u2082 konsantrasyonuna sahip baca gaz\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemine girmesi, baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sisteminin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine neden olabilir; bu nedenle y\u00fcksek verimli kalsiyum bazl\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme reaktifi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131 ve k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme verimlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/strong> Belgelenmi\u015f deneyim \u00f6zetine g\u00f6re, bu s\u00fcrecin kritik noktas\u0131 \u015fudur: Yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f SO\u2082 seviyesi 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, FGD sistemi L\/G=30 ve 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131yla bile emme kapasitesi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yakla\u015fabilir. Bu noktada, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulamac\u0131n\u0131n optimum pH'ta ve tamamen aktif oksidasyonda olmas\u0131 ve 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131n\u0131n da maksimum ak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 kalitesi d\u00fc\u015ferse (daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CaCO\u2083 safl\u0131\u011f\u0131), veya herhangi bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozulu t\u0131kanmas\u0131 etkili kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131rsa, veya bulama\u00e7 pH'\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferse, sistem tepe olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hedefini kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. Her zaman tam kapsama alan\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli (haftal\u0131k) p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme nozulu denetimi gereklidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      07 \u2014 M\u00fchendislikten \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/p>\n

      Bu Lityum Karbonatl\u0131 G\u00fc\u00e7 Bataryas\u0131 \u00dcretim Tesisi At\u0131k Gaz Projesinden \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lacak D\u00f6rt Ders<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • 1<\/span>
        \nNOx giri\u015fi 600 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde ve hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u2264150 mg\/Nm\u00b3 oldu\u011funda SNCR+SCR kombinasyonu \u015fartt\u0131r; bu FGD giri\u015f ko\u015fulunda tek ba\u015f\u0131na bu teknolojilerden hi\u00e7biri gerekli 81,5% giderme verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flayamaz.<\/strong> Tek ba\u015f\u0131na SNCR, 30\u201350% NOx giderimi sa\u011flar ancak se\u00e7icili\u011fi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimine duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. 273.846 m\u00b3\/h debide tek ba\u015f\u0131na SCR, 809 mg\/Nm\u00b3'ten 81,5% giderimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in pratik olmayan derecede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kataliz\u00f6r hacmi gerektirir. SNCR \u00f6n indirgeme i\u015flemi, SCR giri\u015findeki NOx'i y\u00f6netilebilir bir seviyeye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrken, SCR, \u2264150 mg\/Nm\u00b3 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gereken hassas ve y\u00fcksek verimli indirgemeyi sa\u011flar. Birle\u015fik SNCR+SCR mimarisi, giri\u015f NOx'inin 600 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fc a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n 200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gereken her uygulama i\u00e7in standart \u00f6neridir.<\/li>\n
      • 2<\/span>
        \nBaca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemini ortalama de\u011fil, en y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 ko\u015fuluna g\u00f6re tasarlay\u0131n; 10:1 de\u011fi\u015fkenlik oran\u0131 i\u00e7in sistem boyutland\u0131rmas\u0131ndaki fark olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/strong> 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck ortalama SO\u2082 ve 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck tepe de\u011feri, \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck ayn\u0131 hedef \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f de\u011ferini gerektirir. Ortalama giri\u015f de\u011ferinde, giderme verimlili\u011fi ,8%'dir; tepe giri\u015f de\u011ferinde ise ,2% gereklidir. Ortalama ko\u015fullar (97,8% giderme) i\u00e7in tasar\u0131m yapmak ve sistemi buna g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmek, her tepe SO\u2082 olay\u0131nda uyumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck tepe ko\u015fulu alt\u0131nda ,2% giderme verimlili\u011fi i\u00e7in boyutland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu da L\/G=30 spesifikasyonunu ve 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katmanl\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 belirler. Ortalama ko\u015fullar s\u0131ras\u0131nda (\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f de\u011feri 100 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda) uyumluluk marj\u0131, do\u011fru \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sistemin do\u011fal sonucudur.<\/li>\n
      • 3<\/span>
        \n\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i izlemeye dayal\u0131 dinamik p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme tabakas\u0131 kontrol\u00fc, de\u011fi\u015fken SO\u2082 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc operasyonel bir sorundan operasyonel bir avantaja d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/strong> \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i SO\u2082 izlemesine dayal\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 aktivasyon kontrol\u00fc, 10:1 SO\u2082 de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fini sistem stres fakt\u00f6r\u00fcnden enerji ve reaktif optimizasyon f\u0131rsat\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Temel SO\u2082 d\u00f6nemlerinde 1-2 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 yeterlidir; tepe d\u00f6nemlerinde ise 4 katman\u0131n tamam\u0131 aktif hale getirilir. Bu dinamik y\u00f6netim, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck SO\u2082 d\u00f6nemlerinde pompa elektrik t\u00fcketimini ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulama\u00e7 sirk\u00fclasyonunu, 4 katman\u0131n her zaman \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na k\u0131yasla 50-751 TP3T azalt\u0131r ve t\u00fcm SO\u2082 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda tam uyumlulu\u011fu korurken \u00f6nemli y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme gideri tasarrufu sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
      • 4<\/span>
        \nY\u00fcksek SO\u2082 i\u00e7erikli lityum karbonat baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme y\u00f6ntemiyle saatte 1.488 kg al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretimi, sadece bir bertaraf plan\u0131 de\u011fil, aktif bir al\u00e7\u0131 pazarlama stratejisi gerektirecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/strong> Maksimum \u00fcretim h\u0131z\u0131nda, bu baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi 24 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 35,7 ton al\u00e7\u0131 \u00fcretir. Bu, ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir hacim olup, al\u00e7\u0131 bertaraf\u0131n\u0131 sonradan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yerine, devreye almadan \u00f6nce bir in\u015faat al\u00e7\u0131 i\u015fleme tesisiyle tedarik anla\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesi (klor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011fi, nem, a\u011f\u0131r metal i\u00e7eri\u011fi) in\u015faat malzemesi yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin ge\u00e7erli standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, al\u00e7\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan elde edilen gelir, saatte 718 kg kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 reaktif maliyetini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131layabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        08 \u2014 S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/p>\n

        G\u00fc\u00e7 Bataryal\u0131 Lityum Karbonat D\u00f6ner F\u0131r\u0131n Baca Gaz\u0131 Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: On Soruya Cevap<\/h2>\n

        AB IED \/ Hollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda SCR denitrifikasyonu ve y\u00fcksek SO\u2082'li FGD iyile\u015ftirmeleri planlayan enerji batarya malzemesi \u00fcretim tesislerindeki \u00e7evre izin y\u00f6neticileri, proses m\u00fchendisleri ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ekiplerinden gelen sorular.<\/p>\n

        \nS1. Denitrifikasyon i\u00e7in neden sadece SCR de\u011fil de SNCR, SCR ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
        809 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NOx giri\u015f ve \u2264150 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hedefiyle (toplam 81,5% giderme verimlili\u011fi), yaln\u0131zca SCR kullanmak, bu uygulama i\u00e7in pratik olandan \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kataliz\u00f6r hacmi gerektirir. Birle\u015fik SNCR+SCR yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, giderme g\u00f6revini b\u00f6ler: SNCR, kataliz\u00f6re ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmayan ve termal bozunma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n verimli oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k f\u0131r\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde (380\u2013420\u00b0C) ilk 40\u201350%'lik indirgemeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. SCR daha sonra, SNCR \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan 150 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131na kadar hassas son a\u015fama indirgemeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. SNCR \u00f6n indirgemesi, SCR giri\u015findeki NOx y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc yar\u0131ya indirerek, yaln\u0131zca SCR'ye k\u0131yasla gerekli kataliz\u00f6r hacmini yakla\u015f\u0131k 40% azalt\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir SCR bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck SCR reakt\u00f6r sermaye maliyeti ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Dezavantaj\u0131 ise d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde SNCR nozulunun montaj\u0131n\u0131n ek karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS2. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemi, 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck en y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 de\u011ferleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda uyumlulu\u011fu nas\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131yor?<\/summary>\n
        12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'l\u00fck en y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u2264100 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f elde etmek i\u00e7in gereken uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma verimlili\u011fi 99,2%'dir. FGD sistemi bunu \u015fu \u015fekilde sa\u011flar: (1) t\u00fcm 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131 maksimum pompa ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak etkinle\u015ftirilir; (2) SO\u2082 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i izleme sistemi, y\u00fckselen giri\u015f konsantrasyonunu alg\u0131lar ve tepe noktas\u0131 emiciye ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce ek p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir; (3) kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulamac\u0131n\u0131n pH'\u0131, tepe olay\u0131ndan \u00f6nce emme optimumunun \u00fcst ucuna (birincil kulede pH 5\u20135,5, ikincil kulede pH 5,5\u20136,5) \u00f6nceden ayarlan\u0131r; (4) 30'luk y\u00fcksek L\/G oran\u0131, en y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 y\u00fcklemesinde bile gerekli emme kal\u0131\u015f s\u00fcresi i\u00e7in yeterli s\u0131v\u0131 temas y\u00fczey alan\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu \u00f6nlemlerin birle\u015fimi, en y\u00fcksek seviyelerde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan ,21 TP3T'lik giderme verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flarken, ayn\u0131 sistem ortalama SO\u2082 y\u00fck\u00fcnde, 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 aktifken ,81 TP3T'den fazla giderme verimlili\u011fi sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS3. G\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 lityum karbonat \u00fcretim tesisleri i\u00e7in hangi AB IED ve Hollanda d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evesi ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/summary>\n
        Hollanda'daki lityum karbonat \u00fcretim tesisleri, inorganik kimyasal \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde AB End\u00fcstriyel Emisyonlar Direktifi (IED 2010\/75\/EU) kapsam\u0131na girmektedir. Uygulanabilir En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler (BAT) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, SO\u2082, NOx, PM, HCl, HF ve a\u011f\u0131r metaller i\u00e7in emisyon s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri belirlemektedir. Hollanda \u00e7evre izinleri, Faaliyetler Kararnamesi (Activiteitenbesluit milieubeheer) ve \u00c7evre Kanunu (Omgevingswet) kapsam\u0131nda il d\u00fczeyindeki \u00c7evre Hizmetleri (Omgevingsdienst) taraf\u0131ndan verilmektedir. Y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 i\u00e7eren lityum karbonat sinterleme f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Hollanda NER (Hollanda Emisyon K\u0131lavuzlar\u0131, Nederlandse emissierichtlijn lucht) ek sekt\u00f6re \u00f6zg\u00fc k\u0131lavuzlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. CEMS'lerin EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve raporlama sistemine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Raporlama e\u015fiklerinin \u00fczerinde, E-PRTR Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (EC) 166\/2006 uyar\u0131nca y\u0131ll\u0131k uyumluluk raporlamas\u0131 zorunludur. AB ba\u011flam\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli lityum karbonat \u00fcretiminin nispeten yeni bir uygulama olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, izin ba\u015fvurusundan \u00f6nce Omgevingsdienst ile erken a\u015famada ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesi ve \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan emisyon s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerinin ve izleme gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi \u00f6nerilir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS4. Enerji santrali baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme cihazlar\u0131nda tipik olarak L\/G=8\u201315 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, bu cihaz i\u00e7in neden L\/G=30 belirtilmi\u015ftir?<\/summary>\n
        Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200boran\u0131 (L\/G), s\u0131v\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bulama\u00e7 damlac\u0131klar\u0131 ile SO\u2082 i\u00e7eren gaz aras\u0131ndaki temas y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131 belirler. 1.000\u20133.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 SO\u2082 giri\u015f ve 95\u201398% giderme gereksinimi olan bir enerji santrali FGD'si i\u00e7in L\/G=8\u201315 yeterli temas alan\u0131 sa\u011flar. 4.645 mg\/Nm\u00b3 ortalama ve 12.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3 tepe SO\u2082 giri\u015f ve 97,8\u201399,2% giderme gereksinimi ile, emme itici kuvveti hesaplamas\u0131, i\u015flenen gaz\u0131n birim hacmi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha fazla s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200btemas alan\u0131 gerektirir. L\/G=30, gaz faz\u0131ndaki daha y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 (birim temas alan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na emme oran\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r) ve daha y\u00fcksek giderme verimlili\u011fi gereksinimini telafi ederek, standart bir enerji santrali FGD'sinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 kat\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131-gaz \u200b\u200btemas alan\u0131 sa\u011flar. 4 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katmanl\u0131 tasar\u0131m, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmadan L\/G=30 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gereken kule y\u00fcksekli\u011fini ve temas b\u00f6lgesini sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS5. Bu \u00e7ift hatl\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetleri ne kadar b\u00fct\u00e7elenmelidir?<\/summary>\n
        Ana y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyeti kategorileri \u015funlard\u0131r: (1) Elektrik: 1.047,52 kW fiili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcc\u00fc, 8.000 saatte yakla\u015f\u0131k 301,7 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri ve 0,36 RMB\/kWh; (2) Su: yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,8 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (5,5 t\/saat, 2 RMB\/t, 8.000 saat); (3) Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131: yakla\u015f\u0131k 172,32 on bin RMB e\u015fde\u011feri (718 kg\/saat, 300 RMB\/t, 8.000 saat) \u2014 bu, a\u00e7\u0131k ara en b\u00fcy\u00fck reaktif maliyet kalemidir; (4) SCR kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015fimi: her 24.000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinde (8.000 saat\/y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131l), yedek 3. katman tampon olarak kullan\u0131larak 2 aktif katmanl\u0131 kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir. Kataliz\u00f6r maliyeti ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k bak\u0131m b\u00fct\u00e7esine dahil edilmelidir; (5) Al\u00e7\u0131 yan \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015f kredisi: ticari al\u00e7\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131nda saatte 1.488 kg maksimum \u00fcretimde, al\u00e7\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 reaktif maliyetinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS6. SNCR+SCR kombine sisteminde amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 nas\u0131l kontrol edilir?<\/summary>\n
        Birle\u015fik SNCR+SCR sisteminde amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki potansiyel kayna\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r: SNCR a\u015famas\u0131 (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 amonyak enjeksiyonu, reaksiyona girmemi\u015f amonya\u011f\u0131n SCR giri\u015fine girmesine neden olabilir) ve SCR a\u015famas\u0131 (yetersiz kataliz\u00f6r aktivitesi veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 enjeksiyon, amonya\u011f\u0131n bacaya s\u0131zmas\u0131na neden olabilir). Sistem kontrolleri \u015funlard\u0131r: (1) SNCR amonyak enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131, SCR giri\u015finde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen NOx konsantrasyonuna g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r \u2014 e\u011fer SCR giri\u015findeki NOx, SNCR \u00f6n indirgeme i\u00e7in hedef ayar noktas\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 amonyak beslemesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in SNCR enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r; (2) SCR \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 2 ppm'de bir ayar noktas\u0131 alarm\u0131 ve 3 ppm'de (tasar\u0131m maksimumu 3 ppm) tetiklenen otomatik enjeksiyon h\u0131z\u0131 azalt\u0131m\u0131 ile s\u00fcrekli olarak izlenir; (3) periyodik kataliz\u00f6r aktivite testleri, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn tasar\u0131m seviyesinde NOx se\u00e7icili\u011fini korudu\u011funu do\u011frular ve normal enjeksiyon h\u0131zlar\u0131nda artan amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131na neden olacak kataliz\u00f6r deaktivasyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 erken uyar\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS7. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 tedariki 24 saatten fazla kesilirse ne olur?<\/summary>\n
        50 m\u00b3 kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 depolamas\u0131 (maksimum t\u00fcketimde 7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6zerklik), tipik tedarik kesintileri i\u00e7in yeterli tampon sa\u011flar. Tedarik kesintiye u\u011frarsa ve depolama minimum i\u015fletme seviyesinin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flarsa, acil durum prosed\u00fcr\u00fc \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermelidir: (1) Baca gaz\u0131 hacmini ve FGD'ye giren SO\u2082 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in f\u0131r\u0131n \u00fcretim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, b\u00f6ylece mevcut kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uyumlulu\u011fu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilece\u011fi s\u00fcreyi uzatmak; (2) Kire\u00e7 temini mevcutsa ve emici kule operasyonel olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilebiliyorsa, kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 FGD'den kire\u00e7 (s\u00f6nmemi\u015f kire\u00e7 veya s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f kire\u00e7) ikame emici reaktifine ge\u00e7mek; (3) Emisyon limiti a\u015f\u0131m\u0131na neden olabilecek \u015fekilde f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekirse, yetkili makam\u0131 (Omgevingsdienst) derhal bilgilendirmek; (4) \u0130\u015fletme izni uyar\u0131nca gerekli olan \u00e7evresel sicile olay\u0131 ve d\u00fczeltici eylemleri belgelemek. Tedarik s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri, garantili teslimat s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taahh\u00fctlerini ve acil durum tedarik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS8. Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme i\u015fleminden elde edilen al\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kalitesi, in\u015faat malzemesi yeniden kullan\u0131m standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilir?<\/summary>\n
        Baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme (FGD) al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kalitesi, EN 13279-1 (al\u00e7\u0131 ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar ve al\u00e7\u0131 bazl\u0131 s\u0131valar) standard\u0131na tabidir. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca kalite parametreleri \u015funlard\u0131r: nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi (bu uygulama i\u00e7in \u226415%); CaSO\u2084\u00b72H\u2082O safl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (tipik olarak yap\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u226590%); klor\u00fcr i\u00e7eri\u011fi (duvar paneli uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fctlece \u22640,01% Cl olmal\u0131d\u0131r, f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131ndan kaynaklanan HCl ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131ndan etkilenir); a\u011f\u0131r metal i\u00e7eri\u011fi (ama\u00e7lanan yeniden kullan\u0131m uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re karakterize edilir). \u00d6zellikle lityum karbonat f\u0131r\u0131n al\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in, al\u00e7\u0131daki lityum i\u00e7eri\u011fi de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmelidir - sinterleme baca gaz\u0131ndan kalan lityum bile\u015fikleri FGD bulama\u00e7 d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde \u00e7\u00f6kelerek al\u00e7\u0131 safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 potansiyel olarak etkileyebilir. Al\u00e7\u0131 kalitesinin ayl\u0131k olarak test edilmesi \u00f6nerilir ve test kapsam\u0131, belirli yeniden kullan\u0131m uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n kalite \u015fartname gereksinimlerine uygun olarak belirlenmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS9. Hollanda \u00e7evre izni kapsam\u0131nda lityum karbonat \u00fcretim tesisi i\u00e7in hangi CEMS izleme \u00f6nlemleri gereklidir?<\/summary>\n
        Hollanda'da inorganik kimya sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki IED tesisleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan \u00e7evre izin ko\u015fullar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, baca gaz\u0131 izleme sistemi (CEMS) genellikle SO\u2082, NOx, PM, CO, O\u2082, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve nem i\u00e7eri\u011fini s\u00fcrekli parametreler olarak kapsamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle lityum karbonat i\u00e7in, giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda 6,74 mg\/Nm\u00b3 oran\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle HF'nin s\u00fcrekli veya periyodik izleme parametresi olarak izlenmesi gerekebilir. SNCR+SCR sisteminden kaynaklanan amonyak ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, proses kontrol parametresi olarak s\u00fcrekli olarak izlenmeli ve amonyak konsantrasyonu hakk\u0131nda periyodik olarak yetkili makama raporlama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. T\u00fcm CEMS'ler EN 14181 QAL1\/QAL2\/AST standard\u0131na g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u0131ll\u0131k uyumluluk verileri Omgevingsdienst'e sunulmal\u0131 ve raporlama e\u015fiklerinin \u00fczerinde E-PRTR sistemine bildirilmelidir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
        \nS10. Y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 i\u00e7erikli lityum karbonat f\u0131r\u0131nl\u0131 SNCR+SCR+FGD sistemleri i\u00e7in yerinde inceleme yap\u0131labilecek referans kurulumlar mevcut mu?<\/summary>\n
        Evet. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan SNCR+SCR kombine azot giderme ve kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-al\u00e7\u0131 baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme teknolojisi, zorlu y\u00fcksek SO\u2082 giri\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon uyumlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7 bataryas\u0131 lityum karbonat \u00fcretim tesislerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitelikli potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f CEMS uyumluluk verilerine, al\u00e7\u0131 kalite test kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ve t\u00fcm SO\u2082 de\u011fi\u015fkenlik aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan operasyonel belgelere eri\u015fim de dahil olmak \u00fczere referans saha ziyaretleri d\u00fczenlenebilir. Referans belgeleri talep etmek veya benzer bir lityum karbonat f\u0131r\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma tesisinde saha ziyareti d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ileti\u015fim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        Pil Malzemesi F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n\u0131z \u0130\u00e7in Ultra D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Emisyon Uyumlulu\u011funa Ula\u015fmaya Haz\u0131r M\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

        End\u00fcstriyel Emisyon Kontrol \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin T\u00fcm Yelpazesini Ke\u015ffedin<\/h2>\n

        SNCR+SCR denitrifikasyonundan ve lityum karbonat d\u00f6ner f\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek SO\u2082'li kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131-jips baca gaz\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt giderme sistemlerinden End\u00fcstriyel VOC azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in rejeneratif termal oksidasyon sistemleri<\/a>M\u00fchendislik ekibimiz, en zorlu yeni enerji batarya malzemeleri emisyon kontrol gereksinimleri i\u00e7in AB IED uyumlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Talep Edin \u2192<\/a>
        \n        T\u00fcm Emisyon Kontrol Teknolojilerini Ke\u015ffedin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/p>\n