{"id":3146,"date":"2026-06-17T05:04:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T05:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/?p=3146"},"modified":"2026-06-17T05:04:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T05:04:34","slug":"alkali-yikama-suyu-ince-kimyasallar-organoflorin-ve-poliakrilat-uretimi-icin-rco-yikama-voc-azaltimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regenerative-thermal-oxidation.com\/tr\/basvuru\/alkali-yikama-suyu-ince-kimyasallar-organoflorin-ve-poliakrilat-uretimi-icin-rco-yikama-voc-azaltimi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nce Kimyasal Organoflorin ve Poliakrilat \u00dcretiminde U\u00e7ucu Organik Bile\u015fiklerin Giderilmesi i\u00e7in Alkali Y\u0131kama + Su ile Y\u0131kama + RCO \u0130\u015flemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\n

Vaka \u0130ncelemesi \u00b7 VOC Azalt\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n

Organoflorin kimyasallar\u0131 ve poliakrilat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcreten uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00fcksek teknoloji \u015firketi, karma\u015f\u0131k \u00e7ok kaynakl\u0131 ince kimyasal at\u0131k gaz\u0131n 20.000 Nm\u00b3\/saat debisinden ,61 TP3T VOC giderimi ve 15 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda NMHC \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 elde etmeyi nas\u0131l ba\u015fard\u0131? Bu ba\u015far\u0131, asit gazlar\u0131 ve suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen organik maddeleri gidermek i\u00e7in alkali y\u0131kama ve su y\u0131kama \u00f6n i\u015flemi kullan\u0131larak, son oksidasyon ad\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in RTO yerine RCO (Rejeneratif Katalitik Oksitleyici) kullan\u0131larak ve RTO'nun a\u00e7\u0131k alevli yanma kimyas\u0131n\u0131n imkans\u0131z k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge kurulumunda >300\u00b0C'de >1 TP3T VOC yok edilmesi sa\u011flanarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130nce Kimyasal VOC Azaltma<\/span>
\nRCO Katalitik Oksidasyonu<\/span>
\nPatlamaya Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 B\u00f6lge<\/span>
\nOrganoflorin \u00dcretimi<\/span>
\n300\u00b0C D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta Oksidasyon<\/span><\/div>\n<\/header>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
97.6%<\/div>\n
VOC Giderimi<\/div>\n
NMHC 500\u219212 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
>300\u00b0C<\/div>\n
RCO Kataliz\u00f6r S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/div>\n
RTO i\u00e7in 760\u00b0C'ye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
20,000<\/div>\n
Nm\u00b3\/h<\/div>\n
Standart Proses Gaz\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
328,000<\/div>\n
RMB\/y\u0131l toplam maliyet<\/div>\n
8.000 saat\/y\u0131l<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

01 \u2014 Sekt\u00f6r Arka Plan\u0131 ve RCO ile RTO Karar\u0131<\/p>\n

\u0130nce Kimyasal \u00c7oklu \u00dcr\u00fcn \u00dcretimi: Bu Uygulamada RCO'nun RTO'nun Yerini Almas\u0131n\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 \u00d6zel Nedeni<\/h2>\n

\u0130nce kimyasallar, ila\u00e7lar, tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131, boya ara maddeleri, g\u0131da katk\u0131 maddeleri ve performans malzemelerini kapsayan y\u00fcksek teknoloji yo\u011fun bir sekt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. \u00dcretim, \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 sentez yollar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011feriyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131yla karakterize edilir. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki i\u015fletme, y\u0131ll\u0131k 90.000 ton organoflorin kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcn ve 250.000 ton poliakrilat polimer \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretim kapasitesine sahip, yerle\u015fik bir organoflorin \u00fcretim \u00fcss\u00fc, polimerizasyon akrilat \u00fcretim \u00fcss\u00fc ve lityum pil malzemesi \u00fcretim \u00fcss\u00fc bulunan bir il y\u00fcksek teknoloji i\u015fletmesidir. Organoflorin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (organoflorin tar\u0131m kimyasallar\u0131, ila\u00e7 ara maddeleri ve florlu monomerler dahil) ve poliakrilat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (dispersiyon yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, em\u00fclsiyon polimerleri) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fczenleyici odakl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6steren \u00f6zel malzeme pazarlar\u0131na hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu projede belirleyici teknoloji se\u00e7imi, RTO (Rejeneratif Termal Oksitleyici) yerine RCO'nun (Rejeneratif Katalitik Oksitleyici) tercih edilmesidir. Deneyim \u00f6zetinde bunun \u00fc\u00e7 nedeni a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\n

RTO yerine RCO'yu tercih etmenin \u00fc\u00e7 belgelenmi\u015f nedeni:<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • 1<\/span>
    \n\u00dcretim alan\u0131 patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu nedenle RTO (Rastgele Ate\u015fleme Sistemi) kurulumu yap\u0131lamaz.<\/strong> Organoflorin \u00fcretim at\u00f6lyeleri ve tank \u00e7iftlikleri, ATEX patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan alanlarda (ortam havas\u0131ndaki yan\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc buhar\u0131 nedeniyle) faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. RTO teknolojisi, VOC'leri oksitlemek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k alevli yanma (\u2265760\u00b0C br\u00fcl\u00f6r) kullan\u0131r. Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeye veya biti\u015fi\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131k alevli yanma ekipman\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, hem ATEX Direktifi 2014\/34\/EU hem de IEC 60079 b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma gerekliliklerini ihlal eder. RCO, a\u00e7\u0131k alev olmadan >300\u00b0C'de katalitik oksidasyon kullan\u0131r; katalitik reaksiyon alevsizdir, bu da RCO'nun patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131na kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma gerekliliklerine uygun hale getirir.<\/li>\n
  • 2<\/span>
    \nGaz konsantrasyonu orta d\u00fczeydedir ve baz\u0131 dalgalanmalar g\u00f6sterir; RCO daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak RTO'ya k\u0131yasla enerji tasarrufu sa\u011flar.<\/strong> 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NMHC de\u011ferinde, bu tesisteki ince kimyasal at\u0131k gaz, RTO i\u00e7in ototermal e\u015fi\u011fin (\u22482.500\u20133.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3) alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Do\u011frudan bir RTO, 760\u00b0C'yi korumak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli ek do\u011fal gaz gerektirecek ve bu da \u00f6nemli bir yak\u0131t maliyeti yaratacakt\u0131r. RCO ise yaln\u0131zca yakla\u015f\u0131k 300\u00b0C kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektirir; bu da elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 (kurulu 400 kW) ve orta d\u00fczeyde VOC konsantrasyonunda katalitik ekzotermik \u0131s\u0131 ile elde edilebilir. 300\u00b0C'ye ula\u015fmak ve bunu korumak i\u00e7in gereken enerji maliyeti, \u00f6zellikle VOC konsantrasyonu ototermal RTO \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yetersiz oldu\u011funda, 760\u00b0C'yi korumaktan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/li>\n
  • 3<\/span>
    \nRCO, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki \u0131s\u0131 depolama verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rarak tesisin i\u015fletme enerji t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131r.<\/strong> RCO'daki rejeneratif \u0131s\u0131 depolama yataklar\u0131, katalitik reaksiyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u226595%'sini geri kazan\u0131r (mutlak s\u0131cakl\u0131k olarak RTO'dan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olsa da, yine de \u00f6nemli bir miktard\u0131r). Bu \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 gelen ham gaz\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in geri kazanarak, RCO, kararl\u0131 durum \u00fcretiminde kataliz\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in gereken elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 enerji girdisini azalt\u0131r. Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki RCO sistemine uygulanan bu \u0131s\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m verimlili\u011fi art\u0131\u015f\u0131, bu VOC konsantrasyon seviyesinde bir RTO'ya g\u00f6re daha iyi genel enerji ekonomisi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n

    \"\u0130nce<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    02 \u2014 Kirlilik Profili<\/p>\n

    \u0130nce Kimyasal \u00c7ok Kaynakl\u0131 At\u0131k Gazlar: 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NMHC, Asit Gazlar\u0131, \u00c7oklu \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc T\u00fcrleri ve Patlamaya Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 B\u00f6lge S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

    \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda birden fazla kaynaktan gelir: organoflorin reakt\u00f6r at\u00f6lyelerinden vakum pompas\u0131 egzozu, reakt\u00f6r at\u0131k gaz\u0131, tank alan\u0131 solunum emisyonlar\u0131, at\u00f6lye ve tank alan\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131 ve at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131. T\u00fcm ak\u0131\u015flar ortak bir toplama manifoldunda birle\u015ftirilir ve birle\u015fik gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak i\u015flenir. Standart gaz hacmi: 20.000 Nm\u00b3\/h; proses hacmi: 30\u00b0C'de 22.196 Nm\u00b3\/h. Fan g\u00fcc\u00fc: 55 kW; fan bas\u0131nc\u0131: 5.000 Pa; kanal \u00e7ap\u0131: \u03c6700 mm. O\u2082 i\u00e7eri\u011fi: 21% ger\u00e7ek\/bazal. Nem: 40%.<\/p>\n

    VOC profili, ince kimyasal sentez yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r: sikloheksan, aseton, esterler, polioller ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc t\u00fcr\u00fc. \u0130lk gazda birincil t\u00fcrler olarak benzen serisi aromatikler (benzen, toluen, ksilen) listelenmemi\u015ftir, ancak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f limitleri benzen, toluen ve ksilen limitlerini belirtmekte olup, proses kimyas\u0131 yan reaksiyonlar\u0131ndan eser miktarda bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Toplam NMHC 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr - orta d\u00fczeyde bir konsantrasyon olup, RTO ototermal e\u015fi\u011finin alt\u0131nda ancak RCO katalitik oksidasyonu i\u00e7in uygundur. At\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131 bile\u015feni, RCO'dan \u00f6nce alkali y\u0131kama \u00f6n i\u015flemi gerektiren s\u00fclf\u00fcr klor\u00fcrler ve di\u011fer asidik t\u00fcrler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

    Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong> Kritik saha k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 \u015fudur: Organoflorin \u00fcretim alan\u0131 ve ilgili tank \u00e7iftli\u011fi, AB ATEX Direktifi 2014\/34\/EU kapsam\u0131nda patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, bu b\u00f6lgelerde veya do\u011frudan biti\u015fik yerlerde, \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcvenlik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi incelemesi yap\u0131lmadan a\u00e7\u0131k alevli yanma ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n (pilot alevle \u2265760\u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan RTO do\u011fal gaz br\u00fcl\u00f6rleri dahil) kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamaktad\u0131r. RCO'nun alevsiz katalitik oksidasyon mekanizmas\u0131 (elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc >300\u00b0C'ye getirir; oksidasyon alevsiz olarak katalitik olarak ilerler) patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye yak\u0131nl\u0131kla uyumludur ve bu da onu bu tesis i\u00e7in tek uygulanabilir termal oksidasyon teknolojisi haline getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Parametre<\/th>\nBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bKonsantrasyonu<\/th>\nGer\u00e7ek \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f<\/th>\nAB IED \/ NER S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    NMHC (toplam VOC'ler)<\/td>\n500 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n12 mg\/Nm\u00b3 (<15 \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i)<\/td>\nIED \u226440 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Benzen<\/td>\n\u0130z element (i\u015flem kimyas\u0131)<\/td>\n0,5 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED \u22642 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Toluen<\/td>\n\u0130z<\/td>\n3 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED \u22645 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ksilen<\/td>\n\u0130z<\/td>\n4 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nIED \u22648 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Asit gazlar\u0131 (at\u0131k su de\u015farj gazlar\u0131ndan)<\/td>\nS\u00fclf\u00fcr klor\u00fcrler mevcuttur<\/td>\nAlkali y\u0131kama ile \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Standart gaz hacmi<\/td>\n20.000 Nm\u00b3\/sa<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Proses gaz hacmi<\/td>\n30\u00b0C'de 22.196 Nm\u00b3\/h<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Alan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/td>\nPatlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge (ATEX)<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\nATEX 2014\/34\/AB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u0131ll\u0131k VOC azalt\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n~345 ton\/y\u0131l<\/td>\nDo\u011fruland\u0131<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    03 \u2014 RCO Teknolojisi A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131<\/p>\n

    Rejeneratif Katalitik Oksidasyon (RCO), A\u00e7\u0131k Alev Kullanmadan >300\u00b0C'de >95% VOC Yok Etme Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Nas\u0131l Sa\u011flar?<\/h2>\n

    Rejeneratif Katalitik Oksidasyon (RCO), organik bile\u015fi\u011fin oksidasyon reaksiyonunun aktivasyon enerjisini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in bir kataliz\u00f6r kullan\u0131r ve bu sayede termal (katalitik olmayan) oksidasyon i\u00e7in gerekli olan 760\u00b0C\u2013850\u00b0C yerine 260\u2013400\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda tam y\u0131k\u0131m sa\u011flan\u0131r. Oksidasyon kimyas\u0131 RTO'dakiyle ayn\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    C\u2099H\u209a + (n+m\/2) O\u2082 \u2192 nCO\u2082 + (m\/2) H\u2082O + \u0394H<\/div>\n

    Kataliz\u00f6r, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck aktivasyon enerjisine sahip alternatif bir reaksiyon yolu sa\u011flayarak reaksiyonun 760\u00b0C yerine 300\u00b0C'de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131r. RCO sistem yap\u0131s\u0131, ayn\u0131 seramik \u0131s\u0131 depolama rejeneratif prensibini kullanarak reaksiyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u226595%'sini geri kazanmak ve gelen ham gaz\u0131 \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 yatakl\u0131 RTO d\u00fczenini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Fark, RTO'nun yanma odas\u0131n\u0131n RCO'da bir kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve yanma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kataliz\u00f6r aktivasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesidir.<\/p>\n

    RCO'dan ge\u00e7en gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir: Gaz, \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f seramik rejeneratif \u0131s\u0131 depolama yata\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er ve ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 300\u00b0C'ye y\u00fckselir; \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz, kataliz\u00f6rle temas eder ve burada VOC oksidasyon reaksiyonu kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyinde katalitik olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir; s\u0131cak oksidasyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (CO\u2082, H\u2082O, \u0131s\u0131) kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar ve ikinci seramik \u0131s\u0131 depolama yata\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek \u0131s\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir sonraki gelen gaz d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nceden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in aktar\u0131r. Elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 (400 kW kurulu; 150 kW ba\u015flatma; 420 kW so\u011fuk ba\u015flatma), sistemi kataliz\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirmek i\u00e7in ilk \u0131s\u0131tmay\u0131 sa\u011flar, ard\u0131ndan ekzotermik katalitik reaksiyon, harici enerji giri\u015fi olmadan (yeterli VOC konsantrasyonunda) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korur.<\/p>\n

    \"\u00dc\u00e7<\/p>\n

    RCO ve RTO Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (Bir Bak\u0131\u015fta)<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00d6zellik<\/th>\nRTO<\/th>\nRCO (Bu Proje)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Oksidasyon mekanizmas\u0131<\/td>\nTermal (a\u00e7\u0131k alev)<\/td>\nKatalitik (alevsiz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td>\n760\u2013850\u00b0C<\/td>\n>300\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge uygunlu\u011fu<\/td>\nA\u00e7\u0131k alevde kullan\u0131ma uygun de\u011fildir.<\/td>\nUygun (alevsiz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck VOC konsantrasyonunda enerji<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek (760\u00b0C'ye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r)<\/td>\nDaha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (sadece 300\u00b0C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Is\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m verimlili\u011fi<\/td>\n\u226595%<\/td>\n\u226595%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    VOC giderme verimlili\u011fi<\/td>\n\u226599%<\/td>\n\u226595%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc \/ maliyeti<\/td>\nYok (kataliz\u00f6r yok)<\/td>\n3-5 y\u0131ll\u0131k kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirme maliyeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Halojenli VOC tolerans\u0131<\/td>\n(Is\u0131 emici\/temizleyici ile) Toleransl\u0131<\/td>\nHassas (zehir kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ototermal e\u015fik<\/td>\n\u22482.500\u20133.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3<\/td>\nDaha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (\u2248800\u20131.200 mg\/Nm\u00b3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    04 \u2014 Tedavi \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n

    Alkali Y\u0131kama + Su ile Y\u0131kama + RCO: \u00d6n \u0130\u015flem Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc Korur; RCO Alevsiz ve Patlamaya Kar\u015f\u0131 G\u00fcvenli Oksidasyon Sa\u011flar<\/h2>\n

    \u00dc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 i\u015flem zinciri, \u00f6n i\u015flem felsefesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farmas\u00f6tik RTO uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 (Vaka 22) yans\u0131t\u0131r, ancak son oksidasyon a\u015famas\u0131nda RTO yerine RCO kullan\u0131r. \u00d6n i\u015flem a\u015famalar\u0131, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc asit gaz bile\u015fenlerinden ve kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyine zarar verebilecek veya onu devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakabilecek suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen organiklerden korur. Ard\u0131ndan RCO, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k alev olmadan >300\u00b0C'de >95% VOC yok etme i\u015flemini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 1: Alkali Y\u0131kama (Asit Gaz\u0131 Giderme)<\/h3>\n

    T\u00fcm toplama kaynaklar\u0131ndan gelen gaz, alkali y\u0131kama a\u015famas\u0131na girer. At\u0131ksu ar\u0131tma tesisinin baca gaz\u0131, biyolojik ar\u0131tmadan kaynaklanan s\u00fclf\u00fcr klor\u00fcrler ve asidik t\u00fcrler i\u00e7erir. Bu asidik gaz bile\u015fenleri, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, aktif b\u00f6lgeleri k\u00fck\u00fcrt veya klor bile\u015fikleriyle i\u015fgal ederek kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyini zehirleyebilir. Alkali y\u0131kama, bu bile\u015fenleri NaOH \u00e7\u00f6zeltisinde emilim yoluyla uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc korur. Alkali y\u0131kama ayn\u0131 zamanda organoflorin at\u00f6lyesi i\u015flemlerinde olu\u015fan t\u00fcm asidik gazlar i\u00e7in ilk a\u015fama \u00f6n ar\u0131tma i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 2: Suyla Y\u0131kama (Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr Organik Maddeler ve Nem Y\u00f6netimi)<\/h3>\n

    Alkali y\u0131kama sonras\u0131 gaz, suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen organik bile\u015fiklerin daha fazla uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve nem y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in su y\u0131kama a\u015famas\u0131na girer. Birle\u015fik gazdaki y\u00fcksek nem (40%), kataliz\u00f6r aktif b\u00f6lgelerinde VOC adsorpsiyonuyla rekabet ederek ve kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczey kimyas\u0131n\u0131 bozan hidroliz reaksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek RCO kataliz\u00f6r aktivitesini azaltabilir. Su y\u0131kama, RCO giri\u015finden \u00f6nce s\u0131cakl\u0131k ayarlamas\u0131yla (\u226440\u00b0C giri\u015f gereksinimi) birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, gaz\u0131n kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131na do\u011fru s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nemde girmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm kaynaklardan (fan, tank alan\u0131, at\u00f6lye, at\u0131k su) gelen birle\u015fik gaz, fan ve havaland\u0131rma odas\u0131 gaz\u0131, tank alan\u0131 ve bina at\u0131k gaz\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir manifold arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortak bir gaz toplama ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na toplan\u0131r. At\u0131k sudan \u00e7\u0131kan gaz asit gruplar\u0131 (s\u00fclf\u00fcr klor\u00fcrler) i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, alkali y\u0131kama ve su y\u0131kama yoluyla \u00f6n i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilir. Fan tahriki alt\u0131nda, gaz giri\u015f devresini h\u0131zla doldurur, ard\u0131ndan alttan giri\u015fli \u00fcstten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 y\u00f6nde y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 b\u00f6lgesine kesilir. Dolgu y\u00fczeyinde, gaz halindeki bile\u015fenler NaOH s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131r, asidik gaz alkali y\u0131kama s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan emilir ve s\u0131v\u0131 tank\u0131na do\u011fru a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akar. Dolgunun \u00fczerindeki p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, gaz e\u015fit olarak y\u00fckselir ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme malzemesinin bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme katman\u0131na girer. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, gaz ve s\u0131v\u0131 e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r ve p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme b\u00f6lgesi i\u015flemiyle yak\u0131ndan temas eder; emici, kalan p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme sislerini giderir. Gaz \u00fcst p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fckselir ve ard\u0131ndan bir sis gidericiye girer. Sis giderici ve yer\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde olu\u015fan p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme sisi uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ayr\u0131lan su, emicinin i\u00e7 duvar\u0131 boyunca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru akarak bulama\u00e7 depolama tank\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131r. Gaz, farkl\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme yo\u011funluklar\u0131na sahip ikinci so\u011futma sis gidericisinden ge\u00e7er. \u0130ki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme bas\u0131nc\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme konsantrasyonu t\u00fcm p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapsar ve bu \u015fekilde s\u0131v\u0131 emici gaz stabil tutulabilir. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7indeki kontroll\u00fc hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve dolum s\u00fcresi sayesinde, buradaki gaz uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7\u00f6kelir, nihayetinde RCO \u0131s\u0131tma yanma sistemine yeniden girer. Su ile y\u0131kamadan sonra ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f konsantrasyon nispeten stabildir ve gaz emisyon seviyelerine ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fama 3: RCO (Yenileyici Katalitik Oksitleyici, >300\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n

    \u00d6nceden temizlenmi\u015f gaz RCO'ya girer. Elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131, ba\u015flatma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sistemi kataliz\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (>300\u00b0C) getirir. 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NMHC'de kararl\u0131 durum \u00fcretiminde, ekzotermik katalitik oksidasyon, kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 girdisi sa\u011flar ve elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azalt\u0131r veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Temel RCO parametreleri: i\u015fleme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 20.000 m\u00b3\/sa; giri\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u226440\u00b0C; i\u015fleme verimlili\u011fi >95%; termal verimlilik >95%; kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 >300\u00b0C; kataliz\u00f6r hacmi 3,1 m\u00b3; yanma odas\u0131 kapasitesi 2.100.000 kcal\/sa; elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc 400 kW; ba\u015flatma enerjisi 150 kW\u00b7sa; so\u011fuk ba\u015flatma enerjisi 420 kW\u00b7sa; sistem bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc <3.000 Pa; ekipman a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 80 ton; taban alan\u0131 30\u00d77 m.<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    Reakt\u00f6r
    \nVakum + Tank
    \nWW at\u0131k gaz\u0131<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Alkali Y\u0131kama
    \nH\u2082S + Asit
    \nGaz giderme<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Suyla Y\u0131kama
    \nH\u2082O'da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir
    \nNem \u2193<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    RCO \u2b50
    \n>300\u00b0C
    \nAlevsiz<\/div>\n
    \u2192<\/div>\n
    Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n
    \n12 mg VOC
    \n97.6%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \u2b50 RCO, alevsiz katalitik oksidasyon kullan\u0131r; a\u00e7\u0131k alevli RTO'nun yasak oldu\u011fu patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n

    Ekipman \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3>\n
    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u00d6\u011fe<\/th>\n\u00d6zellikler<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    RCO i\u015fleme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/td>\n20.000 m\u00b3\/saat; \u226440\u00b0C giri\u015f; >300\u00b0C kataliz\u00f6r; taban alan\u0131 30\u00d77 m; 80 ton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0130\u015fleme \/ termal verimlilik<\/td>\n>95% \/ \u226595%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kataliz\u00f6r hacmi<\/td>\n3,1 m\u00b3 (iki yatakl\u0131 konfig\u00fcrasyon)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Yanma odas\u0131 derecelendirmesi<\/td>\n2.100.000 kcal\/saat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131<\/td>\n400 kW kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7; 150 kW ba\u015flatma g\u00fcc\u00fc; 420 kW so\u011fuk ba\u015flatma g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    RCO hayran\u0131<\/td>\n45 kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Toplam elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>\n445 kW kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 (380 V, 50 Hz, 3 faz)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hava<\/td>\n25 m\u00b3\/sa (P: 0,6\u20130,8 MPa)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik maliyeti<\/td>\n36 kW\u00b7h\/saat t\u00fcketim; 29 RMB\/saat; 8.000 saat\/y\u0131l = yakla\u015f\u0131k 232.000 RMB\/y\u0131l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u0131ll\u0131k bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava maliyeti<\/td>\n60 m\u00b3\/saat; 12 RMB\/saat; 8.000 saat = yakla\u015f\u0131k 96.000 RMB\/y\u0131l<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyeti<\/td>\n328.000 RMB\/y\u0131l (328.000 RMB\/y\u0131l)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

    \"\u00dc\u00e7<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n

    \n

    05 \u2014 Temel Avantajlar<\/p>\n

    RCO'nun \u0130nce Kimyasal Patlamaya Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 B\u00f6lge VOC Uygulamalar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Do\u011fru Se\u00e7im Olmas\u0131n\u0131n Be\u015f Nedeni<\/h2>\n
      \n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nAlevsiz Katalitik Oksidasyon, Patlamaya Dayan\u0131kl\u0131 B\u00f6lgeler \u0130\u00e7in Tek Uygulanabilir A\u00e7\u0131k Sistemli Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Y\u00f6ntemidir:<\/strong> ATEX Direktifi 2014\/34\/EU, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki t\u00fcm ekipmanlar\u0131n, patlay\u0131c\u0131 atmosferlerin tutu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. S\u00fcrekli pilot alevle \u2265760\u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan RTO br\u00fcl\u00f6rleri, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, Tehlikeli B\u00f6lge 1 veya Tehlikeli B\u00f6lge 2 i\u00e7in ATEX ekipman sertifikasyonunu kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. RCO'nun elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (ATEX Ex-d veya Ex-e s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re belirtilebilir) ve katalitik yata\u011f\u0131 (dahili tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermez), Tehlikeli B\u00f6lge 2 kurulumu i\u00e7in ATEX gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde tasarlanabilir. VOC ar\u0131tma sisteminin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tehlikeli b\u00f6lgelerin i\u00e7inde veya biti\u015fi\u011finde yer almas\u0131 gereken herhangi bir ince kimyasal tesis i\u00e7in, RCO tek rejeneratif termal oksidasyon teknolojisi se\u00e7ene\u011fidir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nDaha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (300\u00b0C'ye kar\u015f\u0131 760\u00b0C), ba\u015flatma enerjisini ve kararl\u0131 haldeki \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r:<\/strong> RCO elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda seramik yataklar\u0131 ve kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc yaln\u0131zca 300\u00b0C'ye kadar \u0131s\u0131tmak zorundad\u0131r; oysa RTO'nun yanma odas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 760\u00b0C'dir. 300\u00b0C'de, sistemden \u00e7evreye olan \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131 760\u00b0C'ye g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr (\u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131, ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fark\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r), bu da bu kay\u0131plar\u0131 telafi etmek i\u00e7in gereken kararl\u0131 durum enerji girdisini azalt\u0131r. Bu durum, VOC konsantrasyonunun, ekzotermik reaksiyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 yoluyla kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen korumak i\u00e7in yetersiz oldu\u011fu k\u0131smi y\u00fck d\u00f6nemlerinde RCO'yu \u00f6zellikle ekonomik hale getirir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nRCO \u00f6ncesi alkali ve su y\u0131kama a\u015famalar\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc zehirlenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 korur ve uzun hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flar:<\/strong> RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc (tipik olarak seramik bir ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 \u00fczerine desteklenmi\u015f de\u011ferli metal veya metal oksit), kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u00f6kelen ve aktif b\u00f6lgeleri bloke eden k\u00fck\u00fcrt bile\u015fikleri, klor\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri ve y\u00fcksek kaynama noktal\u0131 organik kirleticiler taraf\u0131ndan devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmaya kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r. Alkali y\u0131kama, at\u0131ksu ar\u0131tma tesisinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gaz\u0131ndaki s\u00fclf\u00fcr ve asidik klor\u00fcr gazlar\u0131n\u0131 kataliz\u00f6re ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; su y\u0131kama ise suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilen organik maddeleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bu \u00f6n i\u015flem a\u015famalar\u0131 birlikte, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcne giren gaz\u0131n nispeten temiz ve kuru olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6n i\u015flem yap\u0131lmadan tipik 1-2 y\u0131ldan, yeterli \u00f6n i\u015flemle 3-5 y\u0131la uzat\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \n500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NMHC'de, RCO Ototermal E\u015fi\u011fi 300\u00b0C'de Elde Edilebilir \u2014 Normal \u00dcretim Y\u00fck\u00fcnde Harici Yak\u0131t Gerekmez:<\/strong> RCO i\u00e7in ototermal e\u015fik (katalitik ekzotermik \u0131s\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, harici elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 giri\u015fi olmadan kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011fu minimum VOC konsantrasyonu), 300\u00b0C'de tipik ince kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 800\u20131.200 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr. Bu kurulumdaki 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 giri\u015f konsantrasyonunda, sistem ototermal s\u0131n\u0131ra yak\u0131n veya bu s\u0131n\u0131rda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r: elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bir miktar ek \u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ger\u00e7ek elektrik t\u00fcketimi 36 kW\u00b7h\/h'dir; bu, 400 kW'l\u0131k tam y\u00fck \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 kapasitesinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha azd\u0131r ve katalitik ekzotermik reaksiyonun s\u0131cakl\u0131k korumas\u0131na \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu do\u011frular. Bu VOC konsantrasyonunda s\u00fcrekli ek yak\u0131t gerektiren bir RTO ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, RCO'nun enerji ekonomisi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha iyidir.<\/li>\n
    • \u2713<\/span>
      \nKarma\u015f\u0131k, \u00c7ok Kaynakl\u0131 ve \u00c7ok Bile\u015fenli \u0130nce Kimyasal At\u0131k Gaz\u0131ndan 97.6% U\u00e7ucu Organik Bile\u015fiklerin Giderilmesi, RCO'nun \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc Profillerinde Etkinli\u011fini G\u00f6steriyor:<\/strong> 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 giri\u015f ve 12 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f (97,6% giderim) ile son derece \u00e7e\u015fitli bir VOC kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 elde edilmi\u015ftir: sikloheksan, aseton, esterler, polioller ve ayn\u0131 \u00fcretim tesisinde farkl\u0131 sentez yollar\u0131ndan elde edilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u015fka t\u00fcr. Bu bile\u015fiklerin her birinin farkl\u0131 katalitik oksidasyon kineti\u011fi ve kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyinde farkl\u0131 adsorpsiyon davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131r. 300\u00b0C'de bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tamam\u0131nda >95% genel giderim verimlili\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r form\u00fclasyonunun bu ince kimyasal uygulama i\u00e7in \u00f6zel VOC profiline uygun \u015fekilde se\u00e7ildi\u011fini do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      06 \u2014 Operasyonel Sonu\u00e7lar<\/p>\n

      Do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f Performans: NMHC <15 mg\/Nm\u00b3 \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i, B S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 Kurumsal Durum, 345 t\/y\u0131l VOC Azalt\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n
      \n
      \n
      12 \/ 40<\/div>\n
      mg\/Nm\u00b3 ger\u00e7ek\/limit<\/div>\n
      NMHC \u2014 97.6% kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      <15 mg\/m\u00b3<\/div>\n
      \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i izleme<\/div>\n
      Yerel limit 60 mg\/m\u00b3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      345 ton\/y\u0131l<\/div>\n
      y\u0131ll\u0131k VOC azalt\u0131m\u0131<\/div>\n
      B s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u015fletme<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      328,000<\/div>\n
      RMB\/y\u0131l toplam<\/div>\n
      8.000 saat\/y\u0131l<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      Devreye al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i VOC izleme verileri s\u00fcrekli olarak 15 mg\/m\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda de\u011ferler g\u00f6stermekte ve ge\u00e7erli yerel izin gereksinimi olan 60 mg\/m\u00b3'\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Tesis, B S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u015fletme emisyon s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 8.000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinde y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyeti: elektrik 29 RMB\/saat (0,8 RMB\/kWh'de 36 kW\u00b7h\/saat) = yakla\u015f\u0131k 232.000 RMB; bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava 12 RMB\/saat (0,2 RMB\/m\u00b3'te 60 m\u00b3\/saat) = yakla\u015f\u0131k 96.000 RMB; toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k 328.000 RMB\/y\u0131l (328.000 RMB).<\/p>\n

      \"\u0130nce<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      07 \u2014 Uygulama Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

      \u0130nce Kimyasal Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc Oksit Uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Kritik M\u00fchendislik ve Operasyonel Dersler<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • \ud83d\udeab<\/span>
        \nKataliz\u00f6r zehirlenmesi geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez; alkali y\u0131kama ve su y\u0131kama \u00f6n i\u015flem a\u015famalar\u0131 her zaman d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir:<\/strong> At\u0131ksu de\u015farj gaz\u0131ndaki s\u00fclf\u00fcr veya klor\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri \u00f6nemli miktarlarda RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcne ula\u015f\u0131rsa, aktif b\u00f6lgeleri kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak i\u015fgal ederek kataliz\u00f6r aktivitesini rejenerasyonla geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemeyecek \u015fekilde azalt\u0131rlar. Kataliz\u00f6r zehirlendi\u011finde, \u00f6nemli maliyet ve uzun s\u00fcreli ar\u0131za s\u00fcresiyle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. \u00d6n ar\u0131tma y\u0131kama a\u015famalar\u0131, sadece emisyon azaltma a\u015famalar\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik ekipman olarak korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Alkali y\u0131kama \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f pH'\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak izleyin ve NaOH konsantrasyonunu haftal\u0131k olarak do\u011frulay\u0131n. Ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f at\u0131ksu de\u015farj gaz\u0131n\u0131n kataliz\u00f6re ula\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren herhangi bir NaOH tedarik kesintisi, do\u011frudan kataliz\u00f6r zehirlenmesi riski olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nYeni \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleriyle gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131lan halojenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc zehirleyecektir; klorlu veya florlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler kullanan yeni sentez y\u00f6ntemlerini m\u00fchendislik incelemesi olmadan asla kabul etmeyin:<\/strong> Bu tesisteki RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc, mevcut gaz profiline (sikloheksan, aseton, esterler, polioller - halojenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler yok) g\u00f6re form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretim program\u0131na klorlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler (DCM, kloroform) veya florlu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler (HCFC, HFC) i\u00e7eren yeni bir sentez yolu eklenirse, halojenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler kataliz\u00f6re ula\u015facak (H\u2082S ve asit gazlar\u0131n\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran ancak n\u00f6tr halojenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmayan alkali y\u0131kamay\u0131 atlayarak) ve kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakacakt\u0131r. Herhangi bir yeni \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn gaz toplama sistemine eklenmeden \u00f6nce m\u00fchendislik incelemesinden ge\u00e7mesi, bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik y\u00f6netimi prosed\u00fcr\u00fcyle zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nRCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn aktivitesi periyodik olarak izlenmeli ve aktivite verimlilik e\u015fi\u011finin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00f6nce kataliz\u00f6r proaktif olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir:<\/strong> RTO'nun seramik \u0131s\u0131 depolama yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine (ki bu kimyasal olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmaz), RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc, aktif b\u00f6lgeleri zamanla reaksiyon \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve eser miktardaki kirleticiler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildik\u00e7e aktivitesini kademeli olarak kaybeder. Bu, sistem ar\u0131zas\u0131 de\u011fil, normal bir bozunma mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc, yeterli \u00f6n i\u015flemle tipik olarak 3-5 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Katalitik aktiviteyi dolayl\u0131 olarak, elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcketimi (s\u0131cakl\u0131k korumas\u0131na kataliz\u00f6r katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi) ile \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f VOC konsantrasyonu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi zaman i\u00e7inde izleyerek takip edin. Belirli bir VOC giri\u015f konsantrasyonunda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcketimi artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn daha az ekzotermik \u0131s\u0131ya katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir) ve\/veya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f NMHC y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konsantrasyonu izin verilen s\u0131n\u0131ra yakla\u015fmadan \u00f6nce kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015fimini planlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
      • \u26a0\ufe0f<\/span>
        \nRCO sisteminde veya yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u00fcretim tesislerinde herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce ATEX b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmelidir:<\/strong> RCO teknolojisi se\u00e7imini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan ATEX b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131, orijinal sistem tasar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirlenmi\u015ftir. \u00dcretim tesisinde daha sonra yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler (yeni solvent depolama, yeni reakt\u00f6r havaland\u0131rmalar\u0131, havaland\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler) b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 veya b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirse, RCO kurulumunun ATEX uyumluluk durumu yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Sistem s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge i\u00e7indeyse, RCO elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda, fan motorlar\u0131nda veya enstr\u00fcmantasyonunda ATEX sertifikal\u0131 yedek par\u00e7alar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131, standart end\u00fcstriyel bile\u015fenler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/p>\n

        \n

        08 \u2014 M\u00fchendislikten \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar<\/p>\n

        Bu \u0130nce Kimyasal RCO Projesinden \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131lan D\u00f6rt Ders<\/h2>\n
          \n
        • !<\/span>
          \nATEX b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131, ekonomik veya verimlilik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce teknoloji se\u00e7imini belirleyen kat\u0131 bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamad\u0131r; RTO, b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n veya yanma sisteminin temelden yeniden tasarlanmas\u0131 olmadan patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere kurulamaz.<\/strong> Bu projede teknoloji se\u00e7imi karar\u0131, RCO ve RTO'nun verimlilik veya maliyet kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla ba\u015flamad\u0131; kurulum yerinin patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu k\u0131s\u0131tlama, di\u011fer herhangi bir fakt\u00f6r de\u011ferlendirilmeden \u00f6nce RTO'yu de\u011ferlendirme d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nce kimyasal, petrokimyasal veya solvent \u00fcretim uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in VOC azaltma tasar\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flayan m\u00fchendisler, herhangi bir ar\u0131tma teknolojisi se\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, ilk m\u00fchendislik ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak planlanan kurulum yerinin ATEX b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemelidir.<\/li>\n
        • 2<\/span>
          \nOrta konsantrasyonlu (200\u20131.500 mg\/Nm\u00b3) halojen i\u00e7ermeyen VOC ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bile, RCO, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji maliyetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in RTO'ya g\u00f6re ekonomik olarak daha tercih edilebilir bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/strong> RCO'nun RTO'ya g\u00f6re enerji avantaj\u0131, VOC konsantrasyonu azald\u0131k\u00e7a artar: \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlarda (200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda), ne RTO ne de RCO harici \u0131s\u0131 olmadan etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz; orta konsantrasyonlarda (200\u20131.500 mg\/Nm\u00b3), 300\u00b0C'deki RCO, 760\u00b0C'deki RTO'ya g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha az ek enerji gerektirir; y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlarda (3.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde), RTO ototermal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirken, RCO zaten ototermal duruma yak\u0131nd\u0131r. RTO'nun RCO'ya g\u00f6re ekonomik olarak tercih edilebilir hale geldi\u011fi ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.000\u20135.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr; bu de\u011ferin \u00fczerinde, RTO'nun daha y\u00fcksek imha verimlili\u011fi (\u226599%'ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u226595%) ve daha basit, kataliz\u00f6rs\u00fcz tasar\u0131m\u0131, daha y\u00fcksek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 3<\/span>
          \nHalojenli ve s\u00fclf\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrlerden kaynaklanan kataliz\u00f6r zehirlenmesi riski, RCO'nun uygulanabilirli\u011fini belirleyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca teknik k\u0131s\u0131tlamad\u0131r; herhangi bir ince kimyasal uygulama i\u00e7in RCO belirtmeden \u00f6nce bu riski de\u011ferlendirin.<\/strong> RCO bu uygulama i\u00e7in uygundur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc: (a) asit gazlar\u0131 (s\u00fclf\u00fcr klor\u00fcrler) kataliz\u00f6rden \u00f6nce alkali y\u0131kama ile uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; (b) birincil VOC t\u00fcrleri (sikloheksan, aseton, esterler, polioller) kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc zehirleyen yanma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmez; (c) mevcut \u00fcretim program\u0131nda halojenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fuldan herhangi biri de\u011fi\u015firse, RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6mr\u00fc risk alt\u0131nda olur. Bu de\u011ferlendirme, RCO belirtilmeden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik y\u00f6netimi prosed\u00fcr\u00fc, sistemin \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n
        • 4<\/span>
          \n97,6% verimlilikte 20.000 Nm\u00b3\/h i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam 328.000 RMB maliyet, RCO'nun y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu ototermal i\u015fletmenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetine gerek kalmadan, orta d\u00fczeyde VOC konsantrasyonunda bile makul bir maliyetle y\u00fcksek verimlilik sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/strong> Y\u0131ll\u0131k 328.000 RMB'lik maliyet (saatte i\u015flenen bin m\u00b3 ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,1 RMB), bit\u00fcm end\u00fcstrisindeki RTO'dan (durum 26: y\u00fcksek VOC konsantrasyonunda bin m\u00b3\/saat ba\u015f\u0131na 0,6 RMB) daha y\u00fcksek, ancak ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisindeki RTO+y\u0131kay\u0131c\u0131 sistemlerinden (durum 22: karma\u015f\u0131k y\u0131kama zinciriyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 RMB\/bin m\u00b3\/saat) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Orta VOC konsantrasyonunda RCO maliyeti, basit y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu ototermal durumlar ile zeolit \u200b\u200b\u00f6n konsantrasyonu gerektiren karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlu durumlar aras\u0131nda makul bir uzla\u015fmay\u0131 temsil etmektedir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          09 \u2014 S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/p>\n

          \u0130nce Kimyasal RCO VOC Azalt\u0131m\u0131: On Soruya Cevap<\/h2>\n

          AB IED \/ ATEX \/ Hollanda Faaliyetler Kararnamesi gereklilikleri kapsam\u0131nda RCO veya RTO VOC azaltma sistemleri planlayan ince kimyasal, organoflorin ve \u00f6zel kimyasal tesislerindeki \u00e7evre izin y\u00f6neticileri, proses m\u00fchendisleri ve EHS ekiplerinden gelen sorular.<\/p>\n

          \nS1. Bir alan\u0131 tam olarak \"patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge\" yapan nedir ve bu durum RTO kurulumunu neden yasaklar?<\/summary>\n
          ATEX Direktifi 2014\/34\/EU'ya g\u00f6re patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge (tehlikeli alan), atmosferde patlay\u0131c\u0131 bir ortam olu\u015fturacak yeterli miktarda yan\u0131c\u0131 gaz, buhar, sis veya tozun bulunabilece\u011fi bir alan olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. B\u00f6lge 0 (s\u00fcrekli patlay\u0131c\u0131 ortam), B\u00f6lge 1 (ara s\u0131ra patlay\u0131c\u0131) ve B\u00f6lge 2 (nadiren ancak potansiyel olarak patlay\u0131c\u0131), gaz\/buhar tehlikeli alan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgelere kurulan ekipman, normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ar\u0131zalar alt\u0131nda tutu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u015fekilde sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. RTO teknolojisi, \u2265760\u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve do\u011fal olarak tutu\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131 olan a\u00e7\u0131k alevli bir do\u011fal gaz br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131r; bu, br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fcn nas\u0131l kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n B\u00f6lge 1 veya B\u00f6lge 2 gereksinimleriyle temelde uyumsuzdur. RCO, elektrikli bir \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 (B\u00f6lge 2 i\u00e7in ATEX Ex-e veya Ex-d s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re belirtilebilir) ve katalitik bir yatak (b\u00f6lgedeki yan\u0131c\u0131 gazlar\u0131n kendili\u011finden tutu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131k alev veya s\u0131cak y\u00fczey i\u00e7ermeyen) kullan\u0131r. Bu nedenle RCO, ATEX gerekliliklerine uyacak \u015fekilde tasarlanabilir; RTO ise yanma sistemini tehlikeli b\u00f6lgenin tamamen d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131madan bu gereklilikleri kar\u015f\u0131layamaz.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS2. Bu ince kimyasal \u00fcretim tesisi i\u00e7in hangi AB IED ve Hollanda mevzuat gereklilikleri ge\u00e7erlidir?<\/summary>\n
          Hollanda'daki bu ince kimyasal tesis, AB IED 2010\/75\/EU B\u00f6l\u00fcm V (\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc Emisyonlar\u0131) ve Organik \u0130nce Kimyasal \u00dcretimi (OFCM) En \u0130yi Mevcut Teknikler (BAT) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na tabidir. Hollanda Faaliyetler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi (Activiteitenbesluit milieubeheer) Ek 4A, ince kimyasal faaliyetler i\u00e7in VOC emisyon limitlerini belirtir: tipik olarak, e\u015fik t\u00fcketiminin \u00fczerindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc kullanan faaliyetler i\u00e7in bacada \u226440 mg\/Nm\u00b3 NMHC. Bu tesisteki yerel izin gereksinimi 60 mg\/Nm\u00b3't\u00fcr (yerel yetkili makam\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak biraz daha y\u00fcksektir). ATEX Direktifi 2014\/34\/EU, patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki t\u00fcm ekipmanlar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Hollanda \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Yasas\u0131 (Arbowet), i\u015fyerinde benzen maruz kalma limitleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Hollanda izni kapsam\u0131nda toplam VOC i\u00e7in CEMS (FID s\u00fcrekli, EN 12619) gereklidir. \u00d6zellikle organoflorin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in, izin ko\u015fullar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca flor\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011fi emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n periyodik olarak izlenmesi gerekebilir.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nSoru 3. Kataliz\u00f6r aktivitesini nas\u0131l korur ve zamanla neden devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131r?<\/summary>\n
          RCO kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc (tipik olarak al\u00fcmina veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k metal oksit deste\u011fi \u00fczerinde platin veya paladyum), VOC molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn adsorbe oldu\u011fu ve oksijenle reaksiyona girdi\u011fi y\u00fczey aktif b\u00f6lgeleri sa\u011flayarak aktivitesini korur. Deaktivasyon mekanizmalar\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: (1) Termal sinterleme \u2014 y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, de\u011ferli metal par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcmelenmesine neden olarak birim k\u00fctle ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan aktif b\u00f6lge say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r; bu nedenle 300\u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan RCO, 450\u00b0C+'da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan katalitik oksitleyicilerden daha uzun kataliz\u00f6r \u00f6mr\u00fcne sahiptir; (2) Zehirlenme \u2014 k\u00fck\u00fcrt bile\u015fikleri, kararl\u0131 s\u00fclfatlar olu\u015fturarak aktif b\u00f6lgeleri geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz olarak i\u015fgal eder; klor\u00fcr bile\u015fikleri kararl\u0131 metal klor\u00fcrler olu\u015fturur; bunlar, alkali ve su y\u0131kama \u00f6n i\u015flemiyle y\u00f6netilen birincil risklerdir; (3) Maskeleme \u2014 y\u00fcksek kaynama noktal\u0131 organik bile\u015fikler, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda kataliz\u00f6r y\u00fczeyinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r ve aktif b\u00f6lgeleri kaplar; (4) Mekanik bozulma \u2014 gaz h\u0131z\u0131 ve titre\u015fim, zamanla kataliz\u00f6r par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur. Kataliz\u00f6r \u00f6mr\u00fc izleme (uygulama uyar\u0131lar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi), tam deaktivasyondan \u00f6nce proaktif de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye olanak tan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS4. Tesisin b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 B\u00f6lge 2'den tehlikeli olmayan b\u00f6lgeye de\u011fi\u015firse, bir RCO (Risk Kontrol Kurulu\u015fu) bu VOC ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ayn\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleyebilir mi?<\/summary>\n
          Evet. B\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015firse (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ortamdaki yan\u0131c\u0131 buhar konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltan iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f kaynak muhafazas\u0131 nedeniyle), RCO ge\u00e7erli bir teknoloji olarak kal\u0131r; sadece patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in uygun olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da tamamen i\u015flevseldir. Tehlikeli olmayan bir b\u00f6lgede, RCO tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder. Tek dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u015fey, RTO'nun art\u0131k tercih edilebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3 giri\u015f konsantrasyonunda, RTO hala ek yak\u0131t gerektirirken RCO gerektirmez, bu nedenle RCO'nun ekonomik avantaj\u0131, b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 olmasa bile devam eder. B\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 RCO'yu zorunlu k\u0131lar; enerji ekonomisi, zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile onu tercih edilebilir k\u0131lar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS5. RCO'nun devam eden faaliyetleri i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetleri ne kadar b\u00fct\u00e7elenmelidir?<\/summary>\n
          Y\u0131ll\u0131k i\u015fletme maliyetleri (8.000 saat\/y\u0131l): elektrik 36 kW\u00b7h\/saat, 0,8 RMB\/kWh = yakla\u015f\u0131k 232.000 RMB; bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava 60 m\u00b3\/saat, 0,2 RMB\/m\u00b3 = yakla\u015f\u0131k 96.000 RMB; toplam yard\u0131mc\u0131 hizmet maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 328.000 RMB (328.000 RMB). Sermaye giderleri: kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015fimi her 3-5 y\u0131lda bir (maliyet kataliz\u00f6r form\u00fclasyonuna ve hacmine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; de\u011ferli metal kataliz\u00f6r i\u00e7in 3,1 m\u00b3, yakla\u015f\u0131k 150.000-300.000 RMB\/m\u00b3 = de\u011fi\u015fim ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 450.000-930.000 RMB); alkali y\u0131kama NaOH reaktifi; seramik yatak leke de\u011fi\u015fimi (gerekti\u011finde). Kataliz\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirme maliyeti, kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca amortize edildi\u011finde, y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 100.000-300.000 RMB\/y\u0131l ekler; bu da kataliz\u00f6r amortisman\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere ger\u00e7ek toplam y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 430.000-630.000 RMB\/y\u0131l yapar.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS6. Hollanda izin ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu ince kimyasal RCO sistemi i\u00e7in hangi CEMS izlemesi gereklidir?<\/summary>\n
          Hollanda izni kapsam\u0131ndaki CEMS gereksinimleri: bacadaki toplam VOC (FID s\u00fcrekli, EN 12619); kataliz\u00f6r yata\u011f\u0131 giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (s\u00fcrekli, >300\u00b0C'yi do\u011frulamak ve kataliz\u00f6r aktivitesi bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kritik); ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ve O\u2082 (s\u00fcrekli, referans d\u00fczeltmeleri i\u00e7in). Akredite bir laboratuvar kullan\u0131larak periyodik manuel \u00f6rnekleme (en az y\u0131lda bir) ile bireysel bile\u015fik izleme (birincil t\u00fcrler olarak benzen, toluen, ksilen ve sikloheksan). Organoflorin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in, gaz toplama sisteminde florlu ara \u00fcr\u00fcnler mevcutsa, periyodik \u00f6rnekleme ile flor\u00fcr bile\u015fi\u011fi emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n (HF) izlenmesi gerekebilir. Alkali y\u0131kama \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f pH izlemesi (s\u00fcrekli), sadece at\u0131k su de\u015farj g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kataliz\u00f6r korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in operasyonel bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS7. \u00dcretim hacimleri artarsa, RCO (Risk Kontrol Emisyonu) gelecekteki VOC konsantrasyonu art\u0131\u015f\u0131na uyarlanabilir mi?<\/summary>\n
          Evet, s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde. VOC giri\u015f konsantrasyonu mevcut 500 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karsa (\u00fcretim hacmindeki art\u0131\u015f veya yeni sentez yollar\u0131 nedeniyle), RCO tepkisi \u015fu \u015fekildedir: (1) Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn alt\u0131nda: daha fazla katalitik ekzotermik \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretildi\u011finden elektrikli \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 talebi azal\u0131r; \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 elektrik t\u00fcketimi azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fletme maliyeti d\u00fc\u015fer; (2) Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.200 mg\/Nm\u00b3'te: sistem ototermal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya yakla\u015f\u0131r; \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcketimi s\u0131f\u0131ra yakla\u015f\u0131r; (3) Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.500\u20132.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde: katalitik ekzotermik \u0131s\u0131, sistemden \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak kataliz\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 300\u00b0C tasar\u0131m noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur; so\u011futma sistemi (veya desorpsiyon b\u00f6lgesinden ge\u00e7en gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131) bu fazla \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6netmelidir; (4) Yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde: s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (\u00e7o\u011fu ticari kataliz\u00f6r i\u00e7in tipik olarak 450\u2013500\u00b0C) a\u015fabilir ve termal sinterleme ve deaktivasyon riski olu\u015fturabilir. Bu konsantrasyonda, fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekme sistemi (at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cak suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi) gerekecektir. Uygulamadan \u00f6nce, planlanan VOC konsantrasyonu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 2.000 mg\/Nm\u00b3'\u00fcn \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 durumunda ekipman \u00fcreticisine \u00f6nceden bildirimde bulunulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n
          \nS8. \u0130nce kimyasal patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan RCO sistemleri i\u00e7in yerinde inceleme yap\u0131labilecek referans kurulumlar mevcut mu?<\/summary>\n
          Evet. Bu vaka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klanan alkali y\u0131kama + su y\u0131kama + RCO sistemi, ince kimyasallar, \u00f6zel kimyasallar ve organoflorin \u00fcretim tesislerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitelikli potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in, do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f CEMS uyumluluk verilerine, kataliz\u00f6r aktivite izleme kay\u0131tlar\u0131na, alkali y\u0131kama performans verilerine ve b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ATEX uyumluluk belgelerine eri\u015fim de dahil olmak \u00fczere referans tesis ziyaretleri d\u00fczenlenebilir. Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lge uygunlu\u011fu ve orta konsantrasyonlu VOC ar\u0131tma kombinasyonu, bu kurulumu, geleneksel RTO kurulumunun b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 nedeniyle k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 herhangi bir ince kimyasal tesis i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle de\u011ferli bir referans haline getirmektedir. Referans belgeleri talep etmek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ileti\u015fim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n
          \n

          <\/p>\n

          \n

          Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgede VOC (u\u00e7ucu organik bile\u015fik) azalt\u0131m\u0131na m\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var?<\/p>\n

          \u0130nce kimyasallar ve \u00f6zel kimyasallar\u0131n VOC (u\u00e7ucu organik bile\u015fik) giderimi i\u00e7in RCO ve RTO \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini ke\u015ffedin.<\/h2>\n

          Patlamaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki hassas kimyasal uygulamalar i\u00e7in alevsiz RCO'dan \u00fc\u00e7 yatakl\u0131 RTO sistemleri<\/a> Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu VOC giderimi i\u00e7in, m\u00fchendislik ekibimiz gaz kimyan\u0131za, b\u00f6lge s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rman\u0131za ve i\u015fletme ekonominize uygun do\u011fru teknolojiyi se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

          Teknik Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Talep Edin \u2192<\/a>
          \n          RTO Teknolojisini Ke\u015ffedin<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n

          <\/p>\n